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. 2024 Mar 5;14:5406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54932-x

Table 2.

Patients’ demographic characteristics.

Unmatched cohort SMD 1:1 PS matching cohort
Cancer patients (n = 273) Control (n = 991) P-value Cancer patients (n = 239) Control(n = 239) SMD
Age, years (SD) 77.3 (8.3) 78.9 (8.2) 0.005 0.192 77.9 (8.3) 78.3 (8.1) 0.049
Male sex, n (%) 117 (42.9) 224 (22.6)  < 0.001 0.442 90 (37.7) 95 (39.7) 0.043
BMI, kg/m2 (SD) 21.8 (3.5) 22.4 (3.6) 0.044 0.140 22.0 (3.5) 21.8 (3.4) 0.040
Diagnosis, n (%) 0.168 0.137 0.052
 Femoral neck fracture 129 (47.3) 427 (43.1) 115 (48.1) 110 (46.0)
 Intertrochanteric fracture 136 (49.8) 511 (51.6) 116 (48.5) 122 (51.0)
 Subtrochanteric fracture 8 (2.9) 53 (5.3) 8 (3.3) 7 (2.9)
CCI score, n (%)  < 0.001 1.039 0.053
 0–3 2 (0.7) 58 (5.9) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4)
 4–5 24 (8.8) 458 (46.2) 24 (10.0) 24 (10.0)
  ≥ 6 247 (90.5) 475 (47.9) 213 (89.1) 214 (89.5)
Preoperative Koval index, median (IQR) 1 (1–4) 1 (1–3) 0.154 0.099 1 (1–4) 1 (1–3) 0.021
Preoperative habitual status, n (%) 0.306 0.101 0.049
 Home 232 (85.0) 872 (88.0) 208 (87.0) 206 (86.2)
 Facility 21 (7.7) 53 (5.3) 17 (7.1) 20 (8.4)
 Unknown 20 (7.3) 66 (6.7) 14 (5.9) 13 (5.4)
Comorbidity, n (%)
 DM 106 (38.8) 337 (34.0) 0.139 0.100 98 (41.0) 108 (45.2) 0.085
 HTN 166 (60.8) 663 (66.9) 0.061 0.127 152 (63.6) 153 (64.0) 0.009
 Stroke 35 (12.8) 167 (16.9) 0.108 0.114 35 (14.6) 31 (13.0) 0.049
 DVT 7 (2.6) 24 (2.4) 0.893 0.009 7 (2.9) 5 (2.1) 0.054
 Dementia 18 (6.6) 91 (9.2) 0.177 0.096 18 (7.5) 24 (10.0) 0.089
Time from trauma to surgery, days (SD) 4.1 (4.0) 3.9 (4.0) 0.485 0.058 5.1 (8.2) 4.7 (6.1) 0.067
Type of surgery, n (%) 0.265 0.076 0.052
 Osteosynthesis 168 (61.5) 646 (65.2) 144 (60.3) 150 (62.8)
 Arthroplasty 105 (38.5) 345 (34.8) 95 (39.7) 89 (37.2)
Anesthesia, n (%) 0.004 0.199 0.008
 General 122 (44.7) 541 (54.6) 112 (46.9) 113 (47.3)
 Regional 151 (55.3) 450 (45.4) 127 (53.1) 126 (52.7)

BMD, body mass index; BPHA, bipolar hemiarthroplasty; CCI, Charson Comorbidity Index; CCS, cannulated cancellous screw fixation; DHS, dynamic hip screw; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; FNS, femoral neck system; HTN, hypertension; IQR, interquartile range; PS, propensity score; SD, standard deviation; SMD, standard mean difference; THA, total hip arthroplasty.

Significant values are in [bold].