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. 2024 Mar 5;15:1986. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46200-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Charge generated by the contact electrification between the uncoated surface (i.e., positive data shown in plot on top) and coated surface with alkylsilanes of n number of carbon atoms (i.e., negative data shown in plot at the bottom). b Root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness of the uncoated surface before (dotted yellow line) and after (solid red lines with squares) contact electrification with surface coated with alkylsilanes of n number of carbon atoms. Insets show the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the respective surfaces (labeled with n). Data are from samples performed in triplicates and are plotted as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.