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. 2024 Mar 6;14:5484. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55169-4

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics among tomato farmers and regions.

Variable Farming system Regions
Tomatoes only Mixed crops Ahafo Bono
Gender
 Male 364 (36)1 440 (44) 333 (33.0) 471 (46.7)
 Female 102 (10) 103 (10) 76 (7.5) 129 (12.8)
Household size
 More than 14 2 (0.2) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.2)
 10–14 46 (4.6) 11 (1.1) 53 (5.3) 4 (0.4)
 5–9 159 (15.8) 175 (17.3) 201 (19.9) 133 (13.2)
 Less than 5 259 (25.7) 354 (35.1) 152 (15.1) 461 (45.7)
Marital status
 Divorced 9 (0.9) 15 (1.5) 8 (0.8) 16 (1.6)
 Married 359 (35.6) 428 (42.4) 372 (36.9) 415 (41.1)
 Separated 29 (2.9) 19 (1.9) 10 (1) 38 (3.8)
 Single (never married) 67 (6.6) 77 (7.6) 15 (1.5) 129 (12.8)
 Widowed 2 (0.2) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.4) 2 (0.2)
Level of education
 Basic/JHS/MLSC 280 (27.8) 323 (32.0) 362 (35.9) 241 (23.9)
 Degree and above 1 (0.1) 19 (1.9) 15 (1.5) 5 (0.5)
 Diploma 2 (0.2) 24 (2.4) 18 (1.8) 8 (0.8)
 No formal education 72 (7.1) 79 (7.8) 60 (5.9) 91 (9.0)
 SHS/TVET 110 (10.9) 96 (9.5) 142 (14.1) 64 (6.3)
 Tertiary 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 3 (0.3) 0 (0.0)
Land ownership status
 Communal land/purchased 110 (10.9) 49 (4.9) 111 (11) 48 (4.8)
 Inherited 28 (2.8) 122 (12.1) 51 (5.1) 99 (9.8)
 Lease hold/rent 328 (32.5) 327 (36.9) 247 (24.5) 453 (44.9)
Farm size
 0.5 acre or less 12 (1.2) 23 (2.3) 6 (0.6) 29 (2.9)
 1.0–2.0 acres 239 (23.7) 228 (22.6) 209 (20.7) 258 (25.6)
 2.5–3.5 acres 151 (15.0) 131 (13.0) 138 (13.7) 144 (14.3)
 4.0–5.0 45 (4.5) 63 (6.2) 26 (2.6) 82 (8.1)
 More than 5.0 acres 19 (1.9) 98 (9.7) 30 (3.0) 87 (8.6)
Average income
 Less than 330 GHC 5 (0.5) 55 (5.5) 60 (5.9) 0 (0.0)
 331–500 GHC 39 (3.9) 20 (2) 53 (5.3) 6 (0.6)
 501–750 GHC 51 (5.1) 23 (2.3) 57 (5.6) 17 (1.7)
 751–950 GHC 66 (6.5) 102 (10.1) 117 (11.6) 51 (5.1)
 More than 950 GHC 305 (30.2) 343 (34.0) 122 (12.1) 526 (52.1)

1Freq (%); Source: Field data (2021).