Table 6.

Virus tracing technology in the studies of neural circuits in epilepsy

Types of epilepsy	Animal models	Methods inducing epilepsy	Related neural circuits	References
mTLE	mTLE rats	Pilocarpine hydrochloride (340 mg/kg)	Substantial remodeling hippocampal circuit	Du et al. (2017)
Chronic TLE	Female Kunming mice (Four-week-old, 25–30 g)	Pilocarpine (300 mg/kg)	Neurogenesis in the DG	Hu et al. (2015)
Spontaneous recurrent seizure	Genetically engineered mice (hM4Difl/ +)	Pilocarpine (290 mg/kg)	DGC-related neural circuits	Zhou et al. (2019)
Focal epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy	Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (210–230 g, 8 weeks)		Hippocampal neural circuits	Yang et al. (2022)
Epilepsy	Cyfip2 + / − mice		Prefrontal cortex neural circuits	Lee et al. (2020)
Epilepsy	Retrovirus infection models		Rhythmic neural circuits	Sivaramakrishnan and Lynch (2017)
TLE	Male Vgat-Cre mice (2–4 months)	Ten kindling stimulations daily	Long-range SNr-PF disinhibitory circuits	Chen et al. (2020)
TLE	Male Swiss mice (25–30 g)	Pilocarpine or saline (300 mg/kg)	Dentate gyrus neural circuits	Chen et al. (2023b)