Table 7.

Optogenetics in the studies of neural circuits in epilepsy

Types of epilepsy	Animal models	Methods inducing epilepsy	Related neural circuits	References
TLE	Anesthetized mice	Kindling and kainic acid	SNr and PF disinhibitory circuit involving SNr + PV GABAergic neurons and posterior PF GABAergic neurons	Chen et al. (2020)
Absence epilepsy	Male GAERS rats		Long-range subcortical regulation of serotonergic neuromodulation	Sere et al. (2021)
Status epilepticus	Male mice	Pilocarpine	Mossy cell circuit	Butler et al. (2022)
TLE	DrD2-Cre transgenic mice	Pilocarpine	Glutamatergic mossy cell circuit	Botterill et al. (2019)
Epilepsy	Mice		Epileptic cortical circuits	Yang et al. (2021)
TLE	TLE mouse		Direct septum-hippocampus cholinergic circuit	Wang et al. (2020)
Epileptic seizures	Zebrafish (4–5-weeks-old)		Glia-glia and glia-neuron connections	Diaz Verdugo et al. (2019)
mTLE	adult transgenic male mice (8–12 weeks)	KA or saline	Hippocampal sclerosis	Paschen et al. (2020)
TLE	Male and female VGAT-IRES-Cre mice (6 to 18-week-old)	Kainate (100 nl, 20 mM in saline)	Medial septal GABAergic neurons-modulated oscillations across multiple hippocampal locations	Hristova et al. (2021)
Epilepsy	CR-cre mice	Kindling	CR circuit	Qi et al. (2022)
Absence Epilepsy	Tottering Mice		Cerebellar nuclei neurons	Eelkman Rooda et al. (2021)