Table 5.
Association between intake of total Nitrite and Nitrate and animal and plant sources with KYN levels.
| KYN(nmol/l) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 (225.35-417.41) | T3 (≥417.41) | |||||||
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | P -value | OR | 95% CI | P- value | P trend | |
| Nitrate total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.75 | 0.79, 3.87 | 0.16 | 1.08 | 0.46, 2.56 | 0.84 | 0.21 |
| Adjusted | 2.02 | 0.72, 5.7 | 0.81 | 1.26 | 0.49, 3.2 | 0.62 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.89 | 0.35, 1.84 | 0.61 | 0.97 | 0.5, 2.46 | 0.79 | 0.69 |
| Adjusted | 1.13 | 0.39, 3.23 | 0.81 | 1.41 | 0.58, 3.38 | 0.43 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.61 | 0.7, 3.69 | 0.25 | 2.21 | 0.93, 5.22 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
| Adjusted | 1.62 | 0.61, 4.35 | 0.33 | 2.29 | 0.92, 5.69 | 0.06 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.84 | 0.37, 1.9 | 0.68 | 1.47 | 0.64, 3.34 | 0.15 | 0.06 |
| Adjusted | 1.13 | 0.43, 2.97 | 0.8 | 1.75 | 0.73, 4.17 | 0.02 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 2.19 | 0.76, 6.31 | 0.14 | 1.39 | 0.55, 3.53 | 0.48 | 0.18 |
| Adjusted | 1.82 | 0.81, 4.11 | 0.14 | 1.17 | 0.49, 2.76 | 0.71 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.24 | 0.42, 3.66 | 0.68 | 1.77 | 0.74, 4.23 | 0.19 | 0.47 |
| Adjusted | 0.85 | 0.36, 1.99 | 0.71 | 1.38 | 0.62, 3.07 | 0.41 | ||
| Nitrite total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.54 | 0.66, 3.6 | 0.31 | 1.41 | 0.63, 3.17 | 0.4 | 0.19 |
| Adjusted | 1.85 | 0.55, 6.22 | 0.31 | 1.7 | 0.67, 4.34 | 0.26 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.6 | 0.25, 1.44 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 0.36, 1.7 | 0.53 | 0.79 |
| Adjusted | 0.75 | 0.22, 2.55 | 0.65 | 1.09 | 0.37, 2.26 | 0.85 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.37 | 0.59, 3.17 | 0.45 | 2.3 | 0.98, 5.43 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| Adjusted | 1.24 | 0.4, 3.33 | 0.66 | 2.25 | 0.89, 5.65 | 0.05 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.09 | 0.33, 1.68 | 0.48 | 1.3 | 0.57, 2.97 | 0.32 | 0.05 |
| Adjusted | 1.16 | 0.34, 2.38 | 0.85 | 1.45 | 0.6, 3.52 | 0.03 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 2.23 | 0.69, 7.16 | 0.17 | 1.55 | 0.6, 4.03 | 0.36 | 0.2 |
| Adjusted | 1.77 | 0.75, 4.14 | 0.18 | 1.22 | 0.52, 2.85 | 0.64 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.07 | 0.3, 3.33 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 0.3, 1.88 | 0.55 | 0.67 |
| Adjusted | 0.76 | 0.33, 1.75 | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.26, 1.33 | 0.2 | ||
P < 0.05 were considered significant. P-value* for adjustment model, based on energy intake and physical activity, BMI, sex and age. Tertile 1 of level of TMAO (≤ 23.77 pg/ml) and Tertile 1 of total nitrate (≤ 540.58 mg), Animal Nitrate (≤ 19.28 mg), Plant Nitrate (≤ 516.95 mg), total nitrite (10.62 ≤ mg), Animal Nitrite (≤ 5.28 mg), Plant Nitrite (≤ 5.02 mg) were as reference group. Cut points for Tertile 2 of total Nitrate (540.58, 750.23 mg), Animal source (19.24, 26.98 mg), Plant source (516.95, 726.32 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrate (≥ 750.23), Animal source (≥ 26.98 mg), Plant source (≥726.32 mg). Tertile 2 of total Nitrite (10.62, 13.87 mg), Animal source (5.28, 7.50 mg), Plant source (5.02, 6.50 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrite (≥ 13.87), Animal source (≥ 7.50 mg), Plant source (≥6.50 mg). Animal source: Dairy + Meat + Poultry + Fish + Processed Meat. Plant Source: Grains + legumes + nuts + fruits + leafy vegetables + root vegetables+ Starchy vegetables + other vegetables. Bold values indicate p < 0.05.