Table 7.
Association between intake of total nitrite and nitrates and animal and plant sources with TMAO levels in women.
| Variables | TMAO (pg/ml) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 (23.77-51.02) | T3 (≥51.02) | P trend | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P -value | OR | 95% CI | P -value | |||
| Nitrate total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 0.46 | 0.23, 1.76 | 0.39 | 0.64 | 0.28, 1.80 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
| Adjusted | 0.82 | 0.27, 2.52 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.22, 2.14 | 0.76 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.58 | 0.23, 1.47 | 0.25 | 0.72 | 0.22, 1.81 | 0.48 | 0.54 |
| Adjusted | 0.95 | 0.27, 3.28 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 0.24, 2.83 | 0.53 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 2.22 | 0.83, 5.92 | 0.11 | 1.66 | 0.61, 4.51 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Adjusted | 1.95 | 0.68, 5.57 | 0.21 | 1.66 | 0.58, 4.76 | 0.04 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.33 | 0.50, 3.49 | 0.55 | 1.46 | 0.54, 3.60 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
| Adjusted | 1.77 | 0.73, 2.53 | 0.67 | 1.89 | 0.88, 3.74 | 0.04 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.21 | 0.45, 3.30 | 0.69 | 1.25 | 0.47, 3.27 | 0.38 | 0.87 |
| Adjusted | 0.95 | 0.32, 2.87 | 0.45 | 1.15 | 0.39, 3.37 | 0.79 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 2.22 | 0.86, 5.71 | 0.09 | 1.52 | 0.58, 3.97 | 0.65 | 0.67 |
| Adjusted | 1.61 | 0.46, 5.57 | 094 | 1.42 | 0.41, 4.47 | 0.57 | ||
| Nitrite total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 0.98 | 0.38, 2.47 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 0.33, 2.33 | 0.65 | 0.87 |
| Adjusted | 1.52 | 0.50, 4.55 | 0.77 | 0.99 | 0.33, 2.96 | 0.89 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.60 | 0.22, 1.62 | 0.31 | 0.85 | 0.30, 2.09 | 0.75 | 0.49 |
| Adjusted | 1.22 | 0.30, 4.90 | 0.45 | 1.09 | 0.28, 4.15 | 0.99 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.28 | 0.48, 3.39 | 0.61 | 1.21 | 0.45, 3.21 | 0.17 | 0.21 |
| Adjusted | 1.06 | 0.37, 3.00 | 0.90 | 1.17 | 0.42, 3.25 | 0.05 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.11 | 0.29, 2.86 | 0.87 | 1.12 | 0.32, 2.83 | 0.11 | 0.03 |
| Adjusted | 1.18 | 0.21, 2.19 | 0.52 | 1.25 | 0.43, 2.91 | 0.02 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.73 | 0.64, 4.62 | 0.15 | 1.33 | 0.49, 3.57 | 0.57 | 0.95 |
| Adjusted | 1.45 | 0.48, 4.39 | 0.50 | 1.34 | 0.44, 4.09 | 0.59 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.52 | 0.77, 5.18 | 0.28 | 1.07 | 0.25, 4.29 | 0.28 | 0.80 |
| Adjusted | 1.21 | 0.30, 4.76 | 0.78 | 1.14 | 0.42, 6.44 | 0.47 | ||
P < 0.05 were considered significant. P-value for adjustment model, based on energy intake and physical activity, BMI, sex and age. Tertile 1 of level of TMAO (≤ 23.77 pg/ml) and Tertile 1 of total nitrate (≤ 540.58 mg), Animal Nitrate (≤ 19.28 mg), Plant Nitrate (≤ 516.95 mg), total nitrite (≤ 10.62 mg), Animal Nitrite (≤ 5.28 mg), Plant Nitrite (≤ 5.02 mg) were as reference group. Cut points for Tertile 2 of total Nitrate (540.58, 750.23 mg), Animal source (19.24, 26.98 mg), Plant source (516.95, 726.32 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrate (≥ 750.23), Animal source (≥ 26.98 mg), Plant source (≥726.32 mg). Tertile 2 of total Nitrite (10.62, 13.87 mg), Animal source (5.28, 7.50 mg), Plant source (5.02, 6.50 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrite (≥ 13.87), Animal source (≥ 7.50 mg), Plant source (≥ 6.50 mg). Animal source: Dairy + Meat + Poultry + Fish + Processed Meat. Plant Source: Grains + legumes + nuts + fruits + leafy vegetables + root vegetables+ Starchy vegetables + other vegetables. Bold values indicate p < 0.05.