Table 8.
Association between intake of total nitrite and nitrates and animal and plant sources with KYN levels in men.
| Variables | KYN (pg/ml) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 (225.35-417.41) | T3 (≥417.41) | P trend | ||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P -value | OR | 95% CI | P -value | |||
| Nitrate total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.85 | 0.78, 3.81 | 0.78 | 1.08 | 0.56, 2.63 | 0.93 | 0.75 |
| Adjusted | 2.23 | 0.75, 4.15 | 0.72 | 1.36 | 0.45, 3.29 | 0.41 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 0.96 | 0.49, 1.79 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.35, 2.49 | 0.51 | 0.75 |
| Adjusted | 1.26 | 0.35, 3.29 | 0.57 | 1.24 | 0.68, 3.18 | 0.73 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.69 | 0.78, 3.26 | 0.16 | 2.28 | 1.02, 4.22 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Adjusted | 1.85 | 0.79, 4.25 | 0.18 | 2.26 | 1.12, 5.32 | 0.03 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.15 | 0.44, 2.95 | 0.10 | 2.47 | 1.29, 4.92 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Adjusted | 1.33 | 0.65, 2.25 | 0.02 | 2.75 | 1.48, 5.42 | 0.01 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 2.29 | 0.86, 5.32 | 0.42 | 1.38 | 0.59, 3.22 | 0.84 | 0.92 |
| Adjusted | 1.82 | 0.88, 4.15 | 0.79 | 1.12 | 0.45, 2.95 | 0.77 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.34 | 0.45, 3.27 | 0.73 | 1.75 | 0.74, 4.21 | 0.63 | 0.69 |
| Adjusted | 1.20 | 0.44, 3.16 | 0.47 | 1.26 | 0.56, 3.17 | 0.63 | ||
| Nitrite total | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.55 | 0.66, 3.62 | 0.03 | 1.44 | 0.66, 3.19 | 0.35 | 0.88 |
| Adjusted | 1.75 | 0.45, 4.99 | 0.02 | 1.78 | 0.68, 4.26 | 0.56 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.12 | 0.43, 3.97 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.49, 2.25 | 0.30 | 0.28 |
| Adjusted | 1.10 | 0.48, 3.26 | 0.23 | 0.95 | 0.55, 2.49 | 0.28 | ||
| Animal source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 1.39 | 0.69, 3.19 | 0.08 | 2.39 | 1.02, 5.45 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| Adjusted | 1.29 | 0.49, 3.69 | 0.28 | 2.55 | 1.01, 5.12 | 0.05 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.10 | 0.38.1.96 | 0.25 | 1.35 | 0.69, 2.95 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Adjusted | 1.26 | 0.45, 2.98 | 0.58 | 1.59 | 0.72, 2.56 | 0.03 | ||
| Plant source | ||||||||
| T2 | Crude | 2.33 | 0.68, 4.15 | 0.17 | 1.45 | 0.62, 4.32 | 0.93 | 0.51 |
| Adjusted | 1.78 | 0.79, 4.10 | 0.12 | 1.32 | 0.55, 2.95 | 0.80 | ||
| T3 | Crude | 1.08 | 0.33, 2.32 | 0.99 | 0.78 | 0.38, 1.98 | 0.99 | 0.65 |
| Adjusted | 0.77 | 0.39, 2.79 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 0.29, 1.43 | 0.75 | ||
P < 0.05 were considered significant. P-value for adjustment model, based on energy intake and physical activity, BMI, sex and age. Tertile 1 of level of TMAO (≤ 23.77 pg/ml) and Tertile 1 of total nitrate (≤ 540.58 mg), Animal Nitrate (≤ 19.28 mg), Plant Nitrate (≤ 516.95 mg), total nitrite (10.62 ≤ mg), Animal Nitrite (≤ 5.28 mg), Plant Nitrite (≤ 5.02 mg) were as reference group. Cut points for Tertile 2 of total Nitrate (540.58, 750.23 mg), Animal source (19.24, 26.98 mg), Plant source (516.95, 726.32 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrate (≥ 750.23), Animal source (≥ 26.98 mg), Plant source (≥726.32 mg). Tertile 2 of total Nitrite (10.62, 13.87 mg), Animal source (5.28, 7.50 mg), Plant source (5.02, 6.50 mg), Tertile 3 of total Nitrite (≥ 13.87), Animal source (≥ 7.50 mg), Plant source (≥6.50 mg). Animal source: Dairy + Meat + Poultry + Fish + Processed Meat. Plant Source: Grains + legumes + nuts + fruits + leafy vegetables + root vegetables+ Starchy vegetables + other vegetables. Bold values indicate p < 0.05.