. 2023 Nov 1;37(4):668–677. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0208

Table 6.

Influence of different dietary inclusion levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on biochemical blood constituents of ducklings during 7 to 63 d of age

Items	Control	MOLM levels (%)				SEM	p-value

		0.25	0.50	1.0	2.0
Glucose (mg/L)	2,200^a	1,900^b	1,810^b	1,840^b	1,600^c	15.74	0.0002
Total protein (g/L)	59.00^c	67.80^a	67.00^a	65.50^a	59.80^b	0.460	0.0002
Albumin (g/L)	33.90	33.30	34.50	33.40	30.30	0.681	0.0801
Globulin (g/L)	25.10^c	34.50^a	32.50^a	32.10^a	29.60^b	0.793	0.0001
Total lipid (mmol/L)	8.71	7.70^c	7.61^c	7.66^c	8.07^b	0.243	0.0002
TG (mmol/L)	0.87^b	1.02^a	1.04^a	1.04^a	1.06^a	0.094	0.0003
Chol. (mmol/L)	3.59^a	2.77^c	2.66^c	2.69^c	8.08^b	0.361	0.0064
HDL (mmol/L)	0.94	1.20	1.23	1.17	1.21	0.057	0.0754
LDL (mmol/L)	2.16^a	1.60^c	1.53^c	1.57^c	1.73^b	0.132	0.0003
AST (U/L)	65.53^a	51.70^b	50.10^b	52.55^b	53.22^b	0.6691	0.0001
ALT (U/L)	30.67^a	23.13^b	27.87^b	22.60^b	23.71^b	0.3163	0.0001
Uric acid (μmol/L)	184.39^a	149.89^b	173.09^b	136.80^b	143.94^b	14.361	0.0007
Creatinine (μmol/L)	163.58^a	88.15^c	96.38^b	96.38^b	103.45^b	8.690	0.0001
TAC (mmol/L)	1.35^b	1.99^a	2.01^a	2.06^a	2.13^a	0.0580	0.0004
GSH-PX (U/L)	3.35^b	4.99^a	4.74^a	4.85^a	4.55^a	0.1953	0.0003
SOD (U/ml)	2.41^b	2.49^a	2.51^a	2.51^a	2.50^a	0.2721	0.0006
MDA (μmol/L)	77.00^a	50.00^b	55.00^b	60.00^b	68.00^b	0.5696	0.0001
T₃ (mg/L)	20.80^c	32.20^a	31.00^a	29.90^b	29.50^b	0.0662	0.0002
T₄ (mg/L)	40.53^b	60.54^a	60.99^a	60.89^a	60.82^a	0.0603	0.0001
T₄/T₃ ratio	1.95	1.88	1.97	2.04	2.06	0.067	0.066
IgG (mg/L)	440.5^b	485.5^a	488.0^a	486.5^a	487.0^a	11. 931	0.0001
IgM (mg/L)	223.0^b	240.0^a	236.0^a	239.0^a	240.0^a	9.285	0.0007

MOLM, Moringa oleifera leaf meal; SEM, standard error of mean; TG, triglycerides; Chol., total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate amino transferase; ALT, alanine amino transferase; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; GSH-PX, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; T₃, triiodothyronine; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M.

^a–c

Means in the same row followed by different letters are significantly different at (p<0.05).