Table 3.
Synthesized results of plyometric jump training effects on handball players' fitness attributes.
| Fitness attribute | na | ES (95%CI) | p | I2 (%) | Egger’s test (p) | RW (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jumping variables | ||||||
| Countermovement jump with arms height | 5, 5, 5, 157 | 1.84 (1.07 to 2.62) | < 0.001 | 77 | 0.193 | 19.2–21.1 |
| Countermovement jump height | 15, 15, 15, 421 | 1.33 (0.83 to 1.83) | < 0.001 | 78.5 | 0.004b | 5.1–7.4 |
| Squat jump height | 14, 14, 14, 400 | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.55) | < 0.001 | 66.5 | 0.061 | 5.8–8.2 |
| Horizontal jump distance | 8, 8, 8, 239 | 0.83 (0.50 to 1.15) | < 0.001 | 23.8 | 0.363 | 9.3–15 |
| Sprint variables | ||||||
| ≤ 10-m linear sprint time | 16, 16, 9, 470 | -1.12 (-1.41 to -0.83) | < 0.001 | 52 | 0.012b | 5.2–7.8 |
| > 10-m linear sprint time | 16, 16, 12, 523 | -1.46 (-1.99 to -0.94) | < 0.001 | 80.1 | 0.001b | 4.6–6.3 |
| Repeated sprint ability with change-of-direction time | 10, 10, 10, 278 | -1.53 (-2.22 to -0.84) | < 0.001 | 82.7 | 0.004b | 9.4–10.6 |
| Balance variables | ||||||
| Dynamic balance | 5, 5, 5, 149 | 0.04 (-0.28 to 0.37) | 0.790 | 0 | 0.419 | 13.4–27.6 |
| Static balance | 6, 6, 6, 177 | -0.24 (-0.53 to 0.06) | 0.123 | 11 | 0.710 | 11.4–23.4 |
| Agility variables | ||||||
| Agility test time | 18, 18, 12, 523 | -1.60 (-1.90 to -1.29) | < 0.001 | 67.7 | 0.016b | 5.2–7.1 |
| Strength variables | ||||||
| Maximal strength | 4, 4, 4, 119 | 0.52 (0.08 to 0.95) | 0.020 | 27.0 | 0.001b | 24.6–25.5 |
| Force–velocity test (muscle power) | 5, 5, 5, 139 | 1.13 (0.76 to 1.49) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.831 | 16.8–22.8 |
a n indicates the number of experimental groups, the number of control groups, the number of studies providing data and the total number of participants in the analysis.
b The significance remained the same after the trim and fill method, suggesting that publication bias did not significantly impact the effect sizes.