Table 2.

Hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for the association between perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness and the age of initiation of hookah and cigarette use.

Variable	Hookah	Cigarettes
	n = 16,564; N = 30,858,246	n = 17,689; N = 32,989,770
Perception of harmfulness	Adjusted hazard ratios	Adjusted hazard ratios
A lot of harm	1.00	1.00
Some harm	3.53 (2.87, 4.34)	2.35 (2.10, 2.62)
No/little harm	2.23 (1.82, 2.71)	1.85 (1.72, 1.98)

Perception of addictiveness	Adjusted hazard ratios	Adjusted hazard ratios
Somewhat/very likely	1.00	1.00
Neither likely nor unlikely	0.75 (0.67, 0.83)	1.08 (0.94, 1.23)
Very/somewhat unlikely	0.55 (0.47, 0.63)	0.98 (0.88, 1.10)

*PATH Restricted file received disclosure to publish: 22 April 2021. United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse, and United States Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Tobacco Products. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Restricted-Use Files. ICPSR 36231-v13. AnnArbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 5 November 2019. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36231.v23.