Metal oxide-based photoelectrochemical detection sensors for tracing environmental contaminants^a.

Working electrode	Analyte	LOD	Linear concentration range	Ref.
NiCo-LDHs/TiO2 TNAs	Cr(vi)	0.12 μM	0.5 μM∼1.8 mM	55
CdSe/TiO2 TNAs	Cd2+	0.35 nM	1 nM∼10 mM	72
Fe3+/ZnO-Ag	Hg2+	0.1 nM	0.5 nM∼100 nM	60
WO3/Au	Hg2+	2.0 pM	4.2 pM∼840 pM	61
Fe2O3-CdS	Cu2+	0.5 nM	50 nM∼600 μM	73
ZnO-CdS	Cu2+	3 nM	0.01 μM∼1 mM	69
CdS/ZnO	Cd2+	3.3 μM	0.01 mM∼5 mM	74
BiOI/ZnO NRs	Pb2+	7.5 μM	10 μM∼100 μM	75
MIP@TiO2 NTAs	Perfluorooctane sulfonate	86 ng mL−1	0.5 μM∼10 μM	76
CdS/MnO2	Paraoxon	0.017 ng mL−1	0.05 ng mL−1∼10 ng mL−1	77
TiO2 TNAs/CdS	Bisphenol A	0.5 pM	1 pM∼100 pM	78
SnO2	Bisphenol A	1.2 nM	2 nM∼500 nM	79
MoS2/ZnO	Propyl gallate	12 nM	0.125 μM∼1.47 μM	80
TiO2 array/Ti	Dopamine	20 μM	0.2 mM∼1.5 mM	66
CdS QDs/TiO2 TNAs	Asulam	4.1 pg mL−1	0.02 ng mL−1∼2.0 ng mL−1	57
BiOI/TiO2 NTAs	Atrazine	0.5 pM	1.0 pM∼600.0 pM	67
Bi2S3/Vo-TNTAs	Chlorpyrifos	6 nM	0.07 μM∼3.0 μM	68
GQDs/TiO2 TNAs	Chloramphenicol	57.9 pM	0.5 nM∼100 nM	81
WO3/CuMnO2	Nitrofurazone	1.19 nM	0.015 μM∼32 μM	70
Bi2WO6/α-Fe2O3	Tetracycline	0.3 μM	0.01 μM∼25 μM	63
P(33DT-co-3TPCA)/[BMIM]Cl-ZnO NRs	Aflatoxin B1	0.058 ng mL−1	0.10 ng mL−1∼10 ng mL−1	82
rGO/TiO2 TNAs	Microcystin-LR	0.5 fM	1.0 fM∼500 fM	83
Cu2O/TiNTs	Sulfide	0.6 μM	1 μM∼300 μM	84
SnO2-AuNPs	Nitrite	0.48 nM	1 nM∼100 μM	85

^aMIP: molecularly imprinted polymer; NTAs: nanotubes; NRs: nanorods; V_o-TNTAs: TiO₂ nanotube arrays with oxygen vacancies; TiNTs: TiO₂ nanotube arrays; GQDs: graphene quantum dots; P(33DT-co-3TPCA): poly(3,3′-dithiophene-co-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid); [BMIM]Cl: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.