Graphitic carbon nitride-based PEC sensing platform for tracing environmental pollutantsa.
| Working electrode | Analyte | LOD | Linear concentration range | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-CN | Cu2+ | 0.31 μM | 0.2 μM∼50 μM | 163 |
| 3DBC-C3N4 | Cu2+ | 0.38 nM | 1 nM∼100 nM | 43 |
| GA-C3N4 | Cu2+ | N/A | 0.4 μM∼7.6 μM | 164 |
| F-g-C3N4 | Cr(vi) | 0.006 μg L−1 | 0.01 μg L−1∼1000 μg L−1 | 165 |
| BiOI/CNx | Cr(vi) | 0.1 μM | 0.5 μM∼190 μM | 166 |
| g-C3N4@CdS QDs | Hg2+ | 12 nM | 20 nM∼550 nM | 167 |
| g-C3N4/CB | Cd2+ | 2.1 nM | 0∼700 nM | 168 |
| Pb2+ | 0.26 nM | 0∼300 nM | ||
| Hg2+ | 0.22 nM | 0∼500 nM | ||
| ND-g-CN | Ciprofloxacin | 20 ng L−1 | 60 ng L−1∼19.1 μg L−1 | 169 |
| CNNS-Cu | p-Nitrotoluene | 0.13 μM | 0.1 μM∼100 μM | 170 |
| Au/PCN-S | Oxytetracycline | 0.34 nM | 0.5 nM∼200 nM | 162 |
| Bi/BiVO4/g-C3N4 | Oxytetracycline | 0.0033 nM | 0.01 nM∼1000 nM | 171 |
| Bi/CV-PCN | Enrofloxacin | 3.3 fg mL−1 | 0.01 pg mL−1∼1 μg mL−1 | 172 |
| Au-doped 3D CN | Chloramphenicol | 0.1 pM | 0.5 pM∼300 nM | 173 |
| α-Fe2O3/d-C3N4 | Penbritin | 0.0125 pM | 0.5 pM∼50 nM | 62 |
| ZnPc/CN | Sulfadimethoxine | 0.03 nM | 0.1 nM∼300 nM | 174 |
| BiFeO3/utg-C3N4 | Ampicillin | 0.33 pM | 1 pM∼1 μM | 175 |
| ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 | Bisphenol A | 0.016 μM | 0.05 μM∼30 μM | 156 |
| g-C3N4/BiOI | Bisphenol A | 26 ng mL−1 | 80 ng mL−1∼3.2 μg mL−1 | 176 |
| g-C3N4/CuO | Bisphenol A | 6.2 ng L−1 | 0.02 ng L−1∼10 ng L−1 | 177 |
| NiO-Ni-GCN | Octylphenol | 3.3 nM | 10 nM∼1 μM | 178 |
| g-C3N4/Bi24O31Cl10 | Enrofloxacin | 0.167 fM | 0.5 fM∼100 fM | 179 |
| Bi/CV-PCN | Enrofloxacin | 3.3 fg mL−1 | 0.01 pg mL−1∼1 μg mL−1 | 172 |
| S-BN/Au/CN | Diazinon | 6.8 pM | 0.01 nM∼100 nM | 180 |
| CoN/g-C3N4 | Atrazine | 3.3 × 10−5 fM | 1.0 × 10−4 fM∼10 fM | 181 |
| Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4/GO | Chloramphenicol | 0.29 pM | 0.5 pM∼50 nM | 182 |
| g-C3N4-AuNPs | Triclosan | 0.601 pM | 2 pM∼800 pM | 183 |
| C3N4-rGO | Rutin | 1.78 nM | 5 nM∼140 μM | 184 |
| CoO/Au/g-C3N4 | Microcystin-LR | 0.01 pM | 0.1 pM∼10 nM | 185 |
| BiVO4/2D-C3N4 | Microcystin-LR | 0.042 pg L−1 | 0.5 pg L−1∼10 μg L−1 | 186 |
a
A-CN: alkalized C3N4; 3DBC-C3N4: three-dimension branched crystalline carbon nitride; GA-C3N4: graphene-analogue carbon nitride; F-g-C3N4: formate anion-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride; Au/PCN-S: Au nanoparticle-decorated phosphorus-doped porous ultrathin C3N4 nanosheets; Au-doped 3D CN: Au nanoparticle doped three-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride; CNNS-Cu: copper cluster modified carbon nitride nanosheets; ZnPc/CN: zinc phthalocyanine/graphitic carbon nitride; utg-C3N4: ultrathin graphite-like carbon nitride; S-BN/Au/CN: sulfur doped hexagonal boron nitride/Au nanoparticles/graphitic carbon nitride; CB: carbon black; NS: nanosheets.