Table 4. Baseline Characteristics Based on Survival Status (n = 185) .
| Baseline Characteristics |
Non-surviving
(n=7) |
Surviving
(n=176) |
P Value |
| Mean age, year | 3.57 ± 1.87 | 5.24 ± 0.34 | 0.342 |
| Male gender, No. (%) | 5 (71.4) | 108 (61.4) | 0.591 |
| Exposure to COVID-19 cases, No. (%) | 3 (42.9) | 83 (47.2) | 0.823 |
| Clinical manifestation, No. (%) | |||
| Fever | 4 (57.1) | 146 (83.0) | 0.112 |
| Cough | 1 (14.3) | 58 (33.0) | 0.432 |
| Myalgia | 0 (0.0) | 13 (7.4) | 0.456 |
| Respiratory distress | 6 (85.7) | 29 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
| Anosmia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.999 |
| Seizure | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.999 |
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.1) | 0.539 |
| Nausea | 1 (14.3) | 22 (12.5) | 0.889 |
| Vomiting | 1 (14.3) | 36 (20.5) | 0.690 |
| Diarrhea | 1 (14.3) | 36 (20.5) | 0.690 |
| Disappetite | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.999 |
| Headache | 1 (14.3) | 5 (2.8) | 0.211 |
| Average duration of symptoms, days | 3.00 ± 2.44 | 2.97 ± 2.25 | 0.975 |
| Clinical history, No. (%) | |||
| History of cancer | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.687 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.777 |
| Hematological disorders | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.7) | 0.728 |
| History of autoimmune disease | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.687 |
| History of cardiac defects | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.038 |
| History of renal disorder | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.1) | 0.539 |
| History of dialysis | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.777 |
| History of asthma | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.999 |
| History of other respiratory disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.999 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Mean arterial oxygen saturation, No. (%) | 86.33 ± 5.95 | 94.38 ± 3.14 | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, No. (%) | 0.327 | ||
| 14 to 18 | 1 (14.3) | 46 (26.1) | |
| 19 to 22 | 2 (28.6) | 54 (30.7) | |
| 23 to 28 | 1 (14.3) | 47 (26.7) | |
| > 28 | 3 (42.9) | 29 (16.5) | |
| Mean body temperature | 38.00 ± 0.94 | 38.08 ± 1.39 | 0.883 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Mean hemoglobin level, g/dL | 8.70 ± 2.55 | 10.18 ± 1.86 | 0.186 |
| Mean white blood cell count, /mm3 | 18.65 ± 4.03 | 9.78 ± 6.22 | 0.044 |
| Mean platelet count, /mm3 | 230.25 ± 189.62 | 251.47 ± 58.33 | 0.888 |
| Mean CRP | 60.41 ± 33.49 | 33.12 ± 11.29 | 0.002 |
| Mean ESR | 45.67 ± 37.42 | 38.79 ± 23.61 | 0.646 |
| Mean HCO3, mEq/L | 15.00 ± 3.67 | 18.82 ± 6.15 | 0.394 |
| Mean PCO2, mm Hg | 35.94 ± 18.15 | 28.89 ± 7.04 | 0.108 |
| Mean pH | 7.25 ± 0.01 | 7.41 ± 0.02 | 0.209 |
| Raised glucose level, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (5.7) | 0.517 |
| Raised BUN, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.8) | 0.651 |
| Raised creatinine, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.687 |
| Raised AST, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.8) | 0.651 |
| Raised ALT, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (4.0) | 0.591 |
| Raised LDH, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.687 |
| Raised ALP, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.4) | 0.619 |
CRP, C-reactive protein; AST, Aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.