Table 5. Baseline Characteristics Based on ICU Status (n = 185) .
| Baseline Characteristics |
ICU Admission (+)
(n=36) |
ICU Admission (-)
(n=147) |
P Value |
| Mean age, year | 3.69 ± 3.92 | 5.54 ± 4.63 | 0.018 |
| Male gender, No. (%) | 20 (55.6) | 93 (63.3) | 0.394 |
| Exposure to COVID-19 cases, No. (%) | 15 (41.7) | 71 (48.3) | 0.475 |
| Clinical manifestation, No. (%) | |||
| Fever | 26 (72.2) | 124 (84.4) | 0.090 |
| Cough | 10 (27.8) | 49 (33.3) | 0.523 |
| Myalgia | 1 (2.8) | 12 (8.2) | 0.260 |
| Respiratory distress | 21 (58.3) | 14 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
| Anosmia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.999 |
| Seizure | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.197 |
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0.0) | 9 (6.1) | 0.209 |
| Nausea | 4 (11.1) | 19 (12.9) | 0.789 |
| Vomiting | 5 (13.9) | 32 (21.8) | 0.291 |
| Diarrhea | 4 (11.1) | 33 (22.4) | 0.129 |
| Disappetite | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.999 |
| Headache | 1 (2.8) | 5 (3.4) | 0.851 |
| Average duration of symptoms, days | 2.42 ± 1.34 | 3.10 ± 2.40 | 0.032 |
| Clinical history, No. (%) | |||
| History of cancer | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.7) | 0.317 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 1 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 0.278 |
| Hematological disorders | 1 (2.8) | 2 (1.4) | 0.548 |
| History of autoimmune disease | 1 (2.8) | 3 (2.0) | 0.786 |
| History of cardiac defects | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.197 |
| History of renal disorder | 2 (5.6) | 7 (4.8) | 0.691 |
| History of dialysis | 1 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 0.278 |
| History of asthma | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.999 |
| History of other respiratory disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0.999 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Mean arterial oxygen saturation, Mean ± SD | 90.33 ± 5.27 | 94.98 ± 2.30 | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, No. (%) | 0.001 | ||
| 14 to 18 | 7 (19.4) | 40 (27.0) | |
| 19 to 22 | 11 (30.6) | 46 (31.1) | |
| 23 to 28 | 4 (11.1) | 44 (29.7) | |
| > 28 | 14 (38.9) | 18 (22.2) | |
| Mean body temperature | 37.94 ± 0.75 | 38.11 ± 1.48 | 0.520 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Mean hemoglobin level, g/dL | 8.85 ± 2.48 | 10.72 ± 1.16 | 0.001 |
| Mean white blood cell count, /mm3 | 13.60 ± 9.19 | 10.10 ± 6.21 | 0.398 |
| Mean platelet count, /mm3 | 320.14 ± 125.82 | 211.07 ± 59.21 | 0.379 |
| Mean CRP | 105.23 ± 11.17 | 54.66 ± 31.04 | 0.010 |
| Mean ESR | 40.00 ± 21.72 | 38.67 ± 25.31 | 0.884 |
| Mean HCO3, mEq/L | 17.88 ± 5.00 | 18.83 ± 6.23 | 0.725 |
| Mean PCO2, mm Hg | 29.51 ± 11.48 | 29.98 ± 7.59 | 0.880 |
| Mean pH | 7.40 ± 0.16 | 7.41 ± 0.09 | 0.755 |
| Raised glucose level, No. (%) | 5 (13.9) | 5 (3.4) | 0.013 |
| Raised BUN, No. (%) | 2 (5.6) | 3 (2.0) | 0.253 |
| Raised creatinine, No. (%) | 1 (2.8) | 3 (2.0) | 0.782 |
| Raised AST, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.4) | 0.585 |
| Raised ALT, No. (%) | 1 (2.8) | 6 (4.1) | 0.720 |
| Raised LDH, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.7) | 0.319 |
| Raised ALP, No. (%) | 2 (5.6) | 4 (2.7) | 0.334 |
ICU, intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein; AST, Aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.