Figure 1. The components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR/Cas9 technology comprises several essential components that enable precise genome editing. Firstly, the Cas9 protein acts as a molecular scissor and nuclease, capable of cleaving the DNA strands at specific locations. Secondly, the single guide RNA (sgRNA) serves as a molecular guide, providing Cas9 with the sequence information necessary to target and bind to the desired DNA site. The sgRNA consists of a CRISPR RNA, which recognizes the target sequence, and a trans-activating CRISPR RNA, which aids in Cas9 binding.
