Table 2.

Critical appraisal of eligible cross-sectional studies

Study	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Score
Haines et al26	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8/8
Sousa et al41	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	6/6
Kalantari and Snell40*	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	6/6
Sheehan et al28	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8/8
Shepley et al29	U	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	5/6
Shepley et al20	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	6/8

Q1 - Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?

Q2 - Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?

Q3 - Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?

Q4 - Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?

Q5 - Were confounding factors identified?

Q6 - Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?

Q7 - Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?

Q8 - Was appropriate statistical analysis used?

*Quantitative component of a mixed methods study.

NA, not applicable; U, unclear.