Table 2.

Summary of results from the literature published before the pandemic

Institution	Teachers	Students
Requirements	Requirements	Requirements
- Institutional structures [5] - Implementation strategies [5, 15] - Training for communication and interaction with students [45]	- Time to prepare the materials [17]	- Time, social interaction [46] - Infrastructure, support [46] - Technical and academic skills [47]
Obstacles	Obstacles	Obstacles
- Not suitable for all learning modalities [15] - Lacking well-established onsite teaching culture [15]	- Difficulty to implement online interactions with students [18] - Not aware of new teaching roles, demands, competencies [16, 17, 47] - Not aware of new technological possibilities and developments [16] - Lack of resources to change [16] - Unaware of students’ learning [16] - Low technical skills [5, 15, 17] - Technology avoidance [15] - Insufficient communication and support from institution [5]	- Administrative issues [46] - Technical problems [46] - Costs, access to the Internet [46] - Confidence to learn online [46] - Resource-intensive, too many choices [15] - Poor motivation [15]
Facilitators	Facilitators	Facilitators
- Better administration [14] - Cost-effectiveness [14] - Less student/lecturer time [14]	- Greater flexibility as to where to work from [14] - Aids to improve teaching [7, 15] - Fosters role as a coach [48, 49]	- Facilitate learning [15] - Aided transfer to practice [15] - Systematic way of learning [15] - Enhancing active learning [7, 15] - Personalized learning [9] - Foster self-directed learning [10, 11]
Advantages	Advantages	Advantages
- Increasing the quality and effectiveness of education [12–14] - Ease of standardization and keeping content up to date [12–14]	- Transparency and accountability  [12–14]	- Better information accessibility [12–14]