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. 2024 Mar 5;24:702. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18206-5

Table 3.

Unadjusted population average (GEE) models1 of HPV Vaccination Outcomes (Initiation, Series Completion, Hesitancy) and geographic-based socioeconomic factors by male and female child (n = 909)

Geographic-based socioeconomic factors Initiation Series Completion Hesitancy
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Medically Underserved Area (MUA) vs. Non-MUA 0.98 (0.78–1.24) 0.99 (0.67–1.47) 1.02 (0.75–1.39) 1.05 (0.76–1.45) 1.19 (0.78–1.80) 1.20 (0.68–2.10)
Healthcare Provider Shortage Area (HPSA) vs. non-HPSA 1.14 (0.67–1.94) 0.82 (0.47–1.42) 1.48 (0.89–2.46) 0.61 (0.52–0.71)* 0.80 (0.45–1.41) 1.13 (0.63–2.04)
Persistent poverty vs. none 2.00 (0.73–5.48) 1.31 (0.52–3.26) 1.92 (0.59–6.19) 1.04 (0.35–3.10) 0.46 (0.26–0.84)* 1.07 (0.54–2.11)
Persistent child poverty vs. none 0.95 (0.42–2.13) 0.58 (0.35–0.95)* 1.42 (0.60–3.34) 0.63 (0.34–1.17) 0.83 (0.62–1.11) 1.10 (0.67–1.79)
High social2 vulnerability vs. low3 0.89 (0.55–1.45) 0.95 (0.62–1.48) 1.32 (0.64–2.71) 1.01 (0.58–1.75) 0.45 (0.43–0.47)* 1.23 (0.97–1.56)

OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval

* statistically significant at alpha level of < 0.05

1 Population average model/GEE– clustered on state

2 High vulnerability measured as Social Vulnerability Index ≥ 0.7

3 Low vulnerability measured as Social Vulnerability Index < 0.7