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. 2024 Mar 5;24:702. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18206-5

Table 4.

Adjusted# population average (GEE) models1 of HPV Vaccination Outcomes (Initiation, Series Completion, Hesitancy) and geographic-based socioeconomic factors by male and female child (n = 909)

Geographic-based socioeconomic factors Initiation Series Completion Hesitancy
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
Males
(n = 471)
Females
(n = 438)
aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI) aOR (95% CI)
Medically Underserved Area (MUA) vs. Non-MUA 0.98 (0.81–1.18) 1.17 (0.89–1.55) 1.14 (0.79–1.64) 1.10 (0.79–1.53) 1.19 (0.78–1.82) 1.22 (0.70–2.13)
Healthcare Provider Shortage Area (HPSA) vs. non-HPSA 1.06 (0.58–1.94) 1.02 (0.65–1.59) 1.64 (0.94–2.88) 0.65 (0.47–0.91)* 0.80 (0.45–1.41) 1.17 (0.67–2.05)
Persistent poverty vs. none 1.80 (0.71–4.56) 1.35 (0.56–3.26) 1.71 (0.52–5.65) 1.32 (0.53–3.33) 0.46 (0.25–0.87)* 1.10 (0.52–2.33)
Persistent child poverty vs. none 0.90 (0.43–1.85) 0.58 (0.42–0.80)* 1.43 (0.59–3.47) 0.63 (0.39–1.01) 0.83 (0.61–1.13) 1.11 (0.64–1.92)
High social3 vulnerability vs. low4 0.88 (0.59–1.30) 0.99 (0.72–1.37) 0.55 (0.42–0.50)* 1.23 (0.93–1.63) 0.46 (0.42–0.50)* 1.23 (0.93–1.63)

aOR = adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval

# adjusted for age of child

* statistically significant at alpha level of < 0.05

1 Population average model/GEE– clustered on state

2 High vulnerability measured as Social Vulnerability Index ≥ 0.7

3 Low vulnerability measured as Social Vulnerability Index < 0.7