Table 2.
Blood lead concentrations (μg/dL) by sex, levels of other metals and nutritional factors (n=259).
| Characteristic | N | Mean ± SD | P-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Boys | 149 | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 0.11 |
| Girls | 110 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | |
| Urinary cadmium2 | |||
| < 0.06 μg/L | 129 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 0.11 |
| ≥ 0.06 μg/L | 130 | 4.4 ± 2.2 | |
| Urinary sum of arsenic species2 | |||
| < 9.9 μg/L | 131 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 0.29 |
| ≥ 9.9 μg/L | 128 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | |
| Iron deficiency3 | |||
| No | 149 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 96 | 4.9 ± 2.3 | |
| Dairy consumption4 | |||
| < 2.5 cup-equivalents/d | 188 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 0.51 |
| ≥ 2.5 cup equivalents/d | 71 | 4.1 ± 1.9 |
1
Based on t-test;
2
Urinary metal concentration adjusted for specific gravity of urine;
3
Defined as CRP-adjusted serum ferritin < 15 ng/mL;
4
Based on dietary recommendations for children (CNSUP, 2004; USDA/DHHS, 2010).