Table 2.

Improvements in quality of life.

Outcome variable		Β	SE	Wald χ2	p
Sensory abilities	Group	−0.58	0.67	0.76	.383
	Time 2	−0.50	0.17	8.17	.004**
	Time 3	1.92	0.54	12.56	<.001***
	Group × Time 2	3.30	0.56	34.12	<.001***
	Group × Time 3	0.00	0.69	0.00	.998
Autonomy	Group	0.31	0.33	0.93	.336
	Time 2	−0.58	0.21	7.50	.006**
	Time 3	0.98	0.37	7.21	.007**
	Group × Time 2	1.48	0.50	8.85	.003**
	Group × Time 3	0.42	0.54	0.62	.431
Past, present, and future activities	Group	−0.02	0.42	0.03	.957
	Time 2	−0.18	0.17	1.17	.280
	Time 3	0.16	0.35	0.21	.646
	Group × Time 2	0.52	0.32	2.60	.107
	Group × Time 3	0.20	0.45	0.20	.653
Social participation/isolation	Group	−0.39	0.48	0.66	.417
	Time 2	−0.26	0.13	4.27	.039*
	Time 3	0.40	0.33	1.43	.232
	Group × Time 2	0.95	0.32	9.18	.002**
	Group × Time 3	0.00	0.49	0.00	.990
Death and dying	Group	0.18	0.77	0.05	.816
	Time 2	−0.22	0.29	0.59	.444
	Time 3	0.98	0.67	2.11	.146
	Group × Time 2	1.35	0.42	10.01	.002**
	Group × Time 3	0.10	0.81	0.02	.899
Intimacy	Group	−0.57	0.52	1.21	.271
	Time 2	0.60	0.14	0.18	.674
	Time 3	0.24	0.31	0.61	.436
	Group × Time 2	0.50	0.33	2.23	.135
	Group × Time 3	−0.12	0.50	0.06	.810
Overall quality of life	Group	−0.56	2.14	0.07	.793
	Time 2	−1.68	0.51	10.91	.001**
	Time 3	4.78	1.56	9.03	.003**
	Group × Time 2	8.10	1.32	37.66	<.001***
	Group × Time 3	0.62	1.82	0.12	.735

Notes. Adjusted for educational attainment, living status, and marital status. Group effect = pre-test differences between groups; time effect = within-participant changes over the evaluation period in the control group; group × time effect = changes in the experimental group compared with those in the control group at post-test and follow-up. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.