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. 2024 Feb 21;14:1198074. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1198074

Table 2.

Descriptives and pre to post intervention comparison of the outcome variables.

Outcomes N Baseline (mean ± SD) Post intervention (mean ± SD) t-test p Cohen d
Children’s social and emotional skills
Self-Management/compliance 505 20.35 ± 3.69 21.45 ± 3.08 −10.81 <0.001 0.32
Peer-relations/empathy 508 13.49 ± 2.58 14.30 ± 2.16 −10.84 <0.001 0.33
Behavior problems
SDQ total difficulties score 517 11.62 ± 6.47 10.45 ± 6.30 7.124 <0.001 0.18
Social problem-solving strategies
Proportion of positive solutions 276 85.08 ± 17.88 88.81 ± 13.32 −3.76 <0.001 0.25
Proportion of aggressive solutions 276 3.59 ± 7.40 2.25 ± 5.67 −2.91 0.004 0.20
Persistence of positive solutions 276 81.62 ± 19.89 85.17 ± 14.42 −2.95 0.003 0.19