TABLE 1.
Univariate analyses of Emergency Department (ED) utilization category by baseline demographic variables at the index visit.
| Characteristic | Low ED utilizers: 1–4 visits (N = 2678) | Medium ED utilizers: 5–9 visits (N = 307) | High ED utilizers: 10+ visits (N = 109) | Medium versus low ED utilizers | High versus low ED utilizers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| <12 | 525 | 19.6 | 46 | 15.0 | 13 | 11.9 | 0.38 | 0.25–0.58 | 0.24 | 0.12–0.47 |
| 12–18 | 1913 | 71.4 | 206 | 67.1 | 71 | 65.1 | 0.47 | 0.34–0.65 | 0.36 | 0.22–0.57 |
| ≥18 | 240 | 9.0 | 55 | 17.9 | 25 | 22.9 | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1030 | 38.5 | 81 | 26.4 | 31 | 28.4 | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Female | 1648 | 61.5 | 26 | 73.62 | 78 | 71.6 | 1.74 | 1.34–2.27 | 1.57 | 1.03–2.40 |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White or European American | 728 | 27.2 | 59 | 19.2 | 19 | 17.4 | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Black or African American | 1594 | 59.5 | 223 | 72.6 | 80 | 73.4 | 1.73 | 1.28–2.33 | 1.92 | 1.16–3.20 |
| Other/Unknown race | 356 | 13.3 | 25 | 8.1 | 10 | 9.2 | 0.87 | 0.53–1.41 | 1.08 | 0.49–2.34 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 201 | 7.5 | 21 | 6.8 | 7 | 6.4 | 0.89 | 0.56–1.42 | 0.83 | 0.38–1.81 |
| Insurance type | ||||||||||
| Commercial | 1394 | 52.1 | 130 | 42.4 | 33 | 30.3 | 1.00 | ref | 1.00 | ref |
| Medicaid | 1130 | 42.2 | 168 | 54.7 | 73 | 67.0 | 1.59 | 1.25–2.03 | 2.73 | 1.80–4.15 |
| Other/Unknown | 154 | 5.7 | 9 | 2.9 | 3 | 2.7 | 0.63 | 0.31–1.26 | 0.82 | 0.25–2.71 |
Note: Bolded values are statistically significant (p < 0.05).