TABLE 2.
Novel class II ERVs identified in this study
| Host class, order, and family | Host species | Retroviral sequencea |
|---|---|---|
| Aves | ||
| Anseriformes | ||
| Anatidae (swans, geese, and ducks) | White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) | RV-White-fronted goose (1) |
| North American black duck (Anas rubripes) | RV-Black duck I (0) | |
| RV-Black duck II (0) | ||
| RV-Black duck III (4) | ||
| RV-Black duck IV (0) | ||
| Apterygiformes, Apterygidae (kiwis) | Brown kiwi (Apteryx australis) | RV-Brown kiwi (0) |
| Great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) | RV-Great spotted kiwi (0) | |
| Little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) | RV-Little spotted kiwi I (1) | |
| RV-Little spotted kiwi II (1) | ||
| Casuariformes | ||
| Casuariidae (cassowaries) | Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) | RV-Cassowary (0) |
| Dromaiidae (emu) | Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) | RV-Emu (1) |
| Phoenicopteridae (flamingos) | Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber chilensis) | RV-Flamingo (2) |
| Columbiformes, Columbidae (pigeons) | Wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) | RV-Wood pigeon II (0) |
| Falconiformes | ||
| Accipritidae (hawks, eagles, and | Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) | RV-Goshawk (0) |
| Old World vultures) | Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) | RV-Marsh harrier I (0) |
| Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) | RV-Marsh harrier II (0) | |
| RV-Ferruginous hawk (1) | ||
| Cathartidae (New World vultures) | Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) | RV-Turkey vulture (0) |
| Falconidae (typical falcons) | Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) | RV-Peregrine falcon (0) |
| Galliformes | ||
| Numididae (guineafowl and | Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) | RV-Guineafowl I (2) |
| World vultures) | Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) | RV-Guineafowl II (1) |
| Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) | RV-Golden pheasant (3) | |
| Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) | RV-Japanese quail (6) | |
| Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) | RV-Ring-necked pheasant II (2) | |
| Blue peacock (Pavo cristatus) | RV-Blue peacock I (4) | |
| RV-Blue peacock II (2) | ||
| Gray partridge (Perdix perdix) | RV-Grey partridge III (6) | |
| Cabot's Tragopan (Tragopan caboti) | RV-Tragopan (0) | |
| Tetraonidae (grouse) | Black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) | RV-Black grouse (0) |
| Gaviiformes, Gaviidae (loons) | Common loon (Gavia immer) | RV-Common loon I (2) |
| RV-Common loon II (1) | ||
| Gruiformes, Rallidae (rails) | Gray moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) | RV-Gray moorhen I (0) |
| RV-Gray moorhen II (1) | ||
| Passeriformes | ||
| Muscicapidea (thrushes) | Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) | RV-Hermit thrush I (2) |
| RV-Hermit thrush II (2) | ||
| RV-Hermit thrush III (0) | ||
| RV-Hermit thrush IV (0) | ||
| Mistle thush (Turdus viscivorus) | RV-Mistle thrush (6) | |
| Paridae (true tits) | Blue tit (Parus caeruleus) | RV-Blue tit I (3) |
| RV-Blue tit II (0) | ||
| RV-Blue tit III (1) | ||
| Corvidae (crows) | Common magpie (Pica pica) | RV-Common magpie II (1) |
| RV-Common magpie III (1) | ||
| RV-Common magpie IV (4) | ||
| Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana) | RV-Azure-winged magpie (2) | |
| Piciformes | ||
| Picidae (woodpeckers) | Green woodpecker (Picus viridis) | RV-Green woodpecker (2) |
| Rhamphastidae (toucans) | Golden-collared toucanet (Selenidera reinwardtii) | RV-Toucanet I (0) |
| RV-Toucanet II (3) | ||
| Rheiformes, Rheidae (rheas) | Greater rhea (Rhea americana) | RV-Greater rhea (0) |
| Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) | RV-Darwin's rhea (0) | |
| Sphenisciformes, Spheniscidae (penguins) | King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) | RV-King penguin (0) |
| Strigiformes, Strigidae (typical owls) | Eastern screech owl (Otus asio) | RV-Eastern screech owl I (4) |
| RV-Eastern screech owl II (5) | ||
| Struthioniformes, Struthionidae (ostriches) | North African ostrich (Struthio camelus) | RV-Ostrich (1) |
| Tinamiformes, Tinamidae (tinamous) | Elegant-crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans) | RV-Elegant-crested tinamou (1) |
| Mammalia | ||
| Artiodactyla | ||
| Bovidae (antelope, cattle, sheep, goats, | American bison (Bison bison) | RV-Bison (1) |
| and relatives) | Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) | RV-Musk ox (0) |
| Domestic goat (Capra hircus) | RV-Goat (0) | |
| Cervidae (deer) | Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) | RV-Caribou (4) |
| White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) | RV-White-tailed deer (3) | |
| Giraffidae (giraffe and okapi) | Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) | RV-Giraffe (3) |
| Carnivora | ||
| Felidae (cats) | Cougar (Felis concolor) | RV-Cougar (6) |
| Domestic cat (Felis catus) | RV-Domestic cat (5) | |
| Mustelidae (weasels and relatives) | Small mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) | RV-Small mongoose I (1) |
| RV-Small mongoose II (2) | ||
| RV-Small mongoose III (2) | ||
| Chinese ferret badger (Melogale moschata) | RV-Chinese badger (2) | |
| Cetacea, Delphinidae (dolphins) | Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) | RV-Risso's dolphin (1) |
| Insectivora, Erinacidae (hedgehogs) | European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) | RV-European hedgehog (12) |
| Lagomorpha, Leporidae (rabbits and hares) | European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | RV-European rabbit (0) |
| Marsupialia, Macropodidae (kangaroos) | Red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) | RV-Red kangaroo (1) |
| Monotremata | ||
| Ornithoryhnchidae (platypus) | Duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) | RV-Duck-billed platypus (1) |
| Tachyglossidae (echidna) | Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) | RV-Echidna II (2) |
| Primates | ||
| Lorisidae (bush babies) | Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) | RV-Slow loris (0) |
| Cercopithidae (Old world monkeys) | Black colobus (Colobus angolensis) | RV-Colobus (0) |
| Rodentia | ||
| Muridae (rats and mice) | African grass rat (Arvicanthis ansorgei) | RV-Grass rat I (0) |
| RV-Grass rat II (4) | ||
| House mouse (Mus musculus) | RV-House mouse (ND) | |
| Shrew mouse (Mus pahari) | RV-Shrew mouse (7) | |
| Rice rat (Oryzomys intermedius) | RV-Rice rat (1) | |
| Multimammate rat (Mastomys huberti) | RV-Multimammate rat (2) | |
| Bismark giant rat (Uromys neobritannicus) | RV-Giant rat (1) | |
| Yemeni mouse Myomys yemeni) | RV-Yemeni mouse (5) | |
| Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | RV-Brown rat I (ND) | |
| RV-Brown rat II (ND) | ||
| Sciuridae (squirrels and relatives) | Prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) | RV-Prairie dog (0) |
a
The sum of nonsense mutations (stop codons or frameshifts) within each viral fragment is given in parentheses. ND, not done.