FIGURE 3.

Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between timing of initiation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and all‐cause dementia. Adjustments were made for educational level, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Asterisks (*) denote that for the category of “<= 5 years before index” there was no 5‐year lag time window applied, whereas a 5‐year lag time window was applied for all other categories. Estimates for “one prescription only” are not shown.