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. 2024 Mar 5;6(3):e1043. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001043

TABLE 1.

Patient Characteristics by ICU Mortality Status

Variable All Patients (n = 544) Alive (n = 373) Dead (n = 171) p
Age, yr, mean (IQR) 62 (51–70) 59 (49–68) 67 (57–76) < 0.0001
Gender, n (%)
 Female 184 (33.8) 134 (35.9) 50 (29.2) 0.143
 Male 360 (66.2) 239 (64.1) 121 (70.8) 0.143
Race, n (%)
 White 233 (42.8) 149 (39.9) 84 (49.1) 0.05
 Black 75 (13.8) 51 (13.7) 24 (14.0) 0.894
 Asian 33 (6.1) 27 (7.2) 6 (3.5) 0.121
 Unknown/other 203 (37.3) 146 (39.1) 57 (33.3) 0.215
Ethnicity, n (%)
 Hispanic 156 (28.7) 118 (31.6) 38 (22.2) 0.025
 Non-Hispanic 321 (59.0) 211 (56.6) 110 (64.3) 0.092
 Unknown 67 (12.3) 44 (11.8) 23 (13.5) 0.577
Body mass index 29.6 (26.1–34.4) 29.3 (26.1–33.5) 30.5 (26–35) 0.265
Comorbidities, n (%)
 Chronic liver disease 62 (11.4) 46 (12.3) 16 (9.4) 0.383
 Chronic kidney disease 136 (25.0) 91 (24.4) 45 (26.3) 0.67
 Diabetes 153 (28.1) 97 (26) 56 (32.7) 0.123
 Cardiovascular disease 112 (20.6) 65 (17.4) 47 (27.5) 0.009
 Hypertension 232 (42.6) 143 (38.3) 89 (52) 0.003
 Charlson Comorbidity Index 0 (0–2) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–3) 0.002
 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 8 (6–11) 8 (6–10) 9 (7–12) 0.003
Medications, n (%)
 Remdesivir 110 (20.2) 79 (21.2) 31 (18.1) 0.4904
 Dexamethasone 124 (22.8) 96 (25.7) 28 (16.4) 0.016
Time-varying variables
 Invasive mechanical ventilation duration 15.4 (8.9–24.2) 15.8 (9.9–25.4) 13.9 (8.6–21.8) 0.072
 Driving pressure 13.1 (11.0–16.7) 12.6 (10.5–15.2) 15.0 (11.9–20.0) < 0.001
 Plateau pressure 22.7 (19.0–26.3) 21.9 (17.9–25.8) 24.1 (20.3–28.0) < 0.001
 Positive end-expiratory pressures 10 (6–12) 9 (5–12) 10 (8–12) < 0.001
 Spo2 96.2 (94.4–99.0) 96.4 (94.7–98.1) 95.6 (94.0–97.6) < 0.001
 Respiratory rate 23.0 (18.1–28.0) 22.2 (18.1–27.0) 24.5 (18.4–30.0) < 0.001
 Tidal volume 360.0 (310.0–404.4) 366.5 (318.6–410.0) 340.1 (295.6–396.4) < 0.001
 Tidal volume per predicted body weight 5.9 (5.3–6.3) 5.9 (5.5–6.3) 5.7 (5.0–6.2) < 0.001
 PF ratio 200.0 (156.0–254.3) 215.0 (171.0–268.6) 175.0 (134.9–223.3) < 0.001
 Paco2 45.0 (39.0–51.0) 44.0 (39.0–50.0) 47.0 (41.0–54.0) < 0.001
 Arterial pH 7.39 (7.34–7.44) 7.40 (7.36–7.44) 7.37 (7.31–7.41) < 0.001
Outcomes, d, mean (IQR)
 ICU LOS 16 (10–25) 17 (10–26) 14 (9–22) 0.006
 Inpatient LOS 18 (12–27) 19 (12–29) 16 (10–24) 0.003

IQR = interquartile range, LOS = lengths of stay.