TABLE 1.
Variable | All Patients (n = 544) | Alive (n = 373) | Dead (n = 171) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr, mean (IQR) | 62 (51–70) | 59 (49–68) | 67 (57–76) | < 0.0001 |
Gender, n (%) | ||||
Female | 184 (33.8) | 134 (35.9) | 50 (29.2) | 0.143 |
Male | 360 (66.2) | 239 (64.1) | 121 (70.8) | 0.143 |
Race, n (%) | ||||
White | 233 (42.8) | 149 (39.9) | 84 (49.1) | 0.05 |
Black | 75 (13.8) | 51 (13.7) | 24 (14.0) | 0.894 |
Asian | 33 (6.1) | 27 (7.2) | 6 (3.5) | 0.121 |
Unknown/other | 203 (37.3) | 146 (39.1) | 57 (33.3) | 0.215 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
Hispanic | 156 (28.7) | 118 (31.6) | 38 (22.2) | 0.025 |
Non-Hispanic | 321 (59.0) | 211 (56.6) | 110 (64.3) | 0.092 |
Unknown | 67 (12.3) | 44 (11.8) | 23 (13.5) | 0.577 |
Body mass index | 29.6 (26.1–34.4) | 29.3 (26.1–33.5) | 30.5 (26–35) | 0.265 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Chronic liver disease | 62 (11.4) | 46 (12.3) | 16 (9.4) | 0.383 |
Chronic kidney disease | 136 (25.0) | 91 (24.4) | 45 (26.3) | 0.67 |
Diabetes | 153 (28.1) | 97 (26) | 56 (32.7) | 0.123 |
Cardiovascular disease | 112 (20.6) | 65 (17.4) | 47 (27.5) | 0.009 |
Hypertension | 232 (42.6) | 143 (38.3) | 89 (52) | 0.003 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–3) | 0.002 |
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–10) | 9 (7–12) | 0.003 |
Medications, n (%) | ||||
Remdesivir | 110 (20.2) | 79 (21.2) | 31 (18.1) | 0.4904 |
Dexamethasone | 124 (22.8) | 96 (25.7) | 28 (16.4) | 0.016 |
Time-varying variables | ||||
Invasive mechanical ventilation duration | 15.4 (8.9–24.2) | 15.8 (9.9–25.4) | 13.9 (8.6–21.8) | 0.072 |
Driving pressure | 13.1 (11.0–16.7) | 12.6 (10.5–15.2) | 15.0 (11.9–20.0) | < 0.001 |
Plateau pressure | 22.7 (19.0–26.3) | 21.9 (17.9–25.8) | 24.1 (20.3–28.0) | < 0.001 |
Positive end-expiratory pressures | 10 (6–12) | 9 (5–12) | 10 (8–12) | < 0.001 |
Spo2 | 96.2 (94.4–99.0) | 96.4 (94.7–98.1) | 95.6 (94.0–97.6) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate | 23.0 (18.1–28.0) | 22.2 (18.1–27.0) | 24.5 (18.4–30.0) | < 0.001 |
Tidal volume | 360.0 (310.0–404.4) | 366.5 (318.6–410.0) | 340.1 (295.6–396.4) | < 0.001 |
Tidal volume per predicted body weight | 5.9 (5.3–6.3) | 5.9 (5.5–6.3) | 5.7 (5.0–6.2) | < 0.001 |
PF ratio | 200.0 (156.0–254.3) | 215.0 (171.0–268.6) | 175.0 (134.9–223.3) | < 0.001 |
Paco2 | 45.0 (39.0–51.0) | 44.0 (39.0–50.0) | 47.0 (41.0–54.0) | < 0.001 |
Arterial pH | 7.39 (7.34–7.44) | 7.40 (7.36–7.44) | 7.37 (7.31–7.41) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes, d, mean (IQR) | ||||
ICU LOS | 16 (10–25) | 17 (10–26) | 14 (9–22) | 0.006 |
Inpatient LOS | 18 (12–27) | 19 (12–29) | 16 (10–24) | 0.003 |
IQR = interquartile range, LOS = lengths of stay.