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. 2024 Feb 28;2024:3697846. doi: 10.1155/2024/3697846

Table 2.

Primary outcomes.

Group A (n = 50) Group B (n = 50) t/χ2 P
Inflammatory indicator
 CRP
  Pre 4.25 ± 0.89 (4.00 to 4.49) 4.35 ± 0.98 (4.07 to 4.62) 0.534 0.595
  PO 24 h 54.60 ± 12.76 (51.06 to 58.13) 44.22 ± 12.34 (40.79 to 47.64) 4.135 <0.001 a
  PO 48 h 65.95 ± 14.41 (61.95 to 69.94) 59.49 ± 13.01 (55.88 to 63.09) 2.320 0.022 a
  PO 14 d 4.28 ± 0.84 (4.04 to 4.51) 4.26 ± 0.86 (4.02 to 4.49) 0.117 0.906
 IL-6
  Pre 8.01 ± 4.11 (6.87 to 9.14) 7.96 ± 3.84 (6.57 to 8.72) 0.063 0.063
  PO 24 h 84.19 ± 17.01 (79.47 to 88.90) 57.42 ± 12.46 (53.96 to 60.87) 8.977 <0.001 a
  PO 48 h 60.72 ± 15.49 (56.42 to 65.01) 44.11 ± 13.67 (40.32 to 47.89) 5.685 <0.001 a
  PO 14 d 7.89 ± 4.17 (6.73 to 9.04) 7.65 ± 3.89 (6.57 to 8.72) 0.297 0.766
Pain
 VAS rest
  PO 6 h 2.62 ± 0.59 (2.45 to 2.78) 2.28 ± 0.56 (2.12 to 2.43) 2.955 0.004 a
  PO 12 h 2.34 ± 0.62 (2.16 to 2.51) 1.96 ± 0.63 (1.78 to 2.13) 3.119 0.002 a
  PO 24 h 2.20 ± 0.53 (1.82 to 2.17) 1.74 ± 0.59 (1.57 to 1.90) 4.101 <0.001 a
  PO 48 h 2.00 ± 0.63 (2.05 to 2.34) 1.54 ± 0.60 (1.37 to 1.70) 3.738 <0.001 a
  PO 72 h 1.50 ± 0.53 (1.35 to 1.64) 1.38 ± 0.69 (1.18 to 1.57) 0.975 0.332a
  PO 2 w 1.08 ± 0.65 (0.89 to 1.26) 0.98 ± 0.78 (0.76 to 1.19) 0.905 0.367a
  PO 3 m 0.46 ± 0.49 (0.32 to 0.59) 0.42 ± 0.49 (0.28 to 0.55) 0.408 0.684a
  PO 6 m 0.36 ± 0.48 (0.22 to 0.49) 0.32 ± 0.47 (0.18 to 0.45) 0.421 0.675a
  PO 1 y 0.30 ± 0.45 (0.17 to 0.42) 0.26 ± 0.43 (0.14 to 0.37) 0.454 0.651a
  PO 2 y 0.24 ± 0.42 (0.12 to 0.35) 0.22 ± 0.41 (0.10 to 0.33) 0.241 0.810a
 VAS activity
  PO 6 h 3.80 ± 0.97 (3.53 to 4.06) 3.28 ± 0.82 (3.05 to 3.50) 2.895 0.004 a
  PO 12 h 3.62 ± 0.86 (3.38 to 3.85) 3.08 ± 0.77 (2.86 to 3.29) 3.307 0.001 a
  PO 24 h 3.48 ± 0.83 (3.24 to 3.71) 2.86 ± 0.72 (2.66 to 3.05) 3.989 <0.001 a
  PO 48 h 3.16 ± 0.75 (2.95 to 3.36) 2.64 ± 0.62 (2.46 to 2.81) 3.778 <0.001 a
  PO 72 h 2.76 ± 0.64 (2.58 to 2.93) 2.50 ± 0.70 (2.30 to 2.69) 1.938 0.055a
  PO 2 w 2.24 ± 0.83 (2.00 to 2.47) 2.14 ± 0.75 (1.93 to 2.34) 0.600 0.533a
  PO 3 m 1.88 ± 0.93 (1.62 to 2.13) 1.80 ± 0.77 (1.58 to 2.01) 0.468 0.640a
  PO 6 m 1.32 ± 0.85 (1.08 to 1.55) 1.22 ± 0.70 (1.02 to 1.41) 0.412 0.522a
  PO 1 y 1.18 ± 0.74 (0.97 to 1.38) 0.94 ± 0.73 (0.73 to 1.14) 1.632 0.106a
  PO 2 y 0.90 ± 0.72 (0.70 to 1.09) 0.74 ± 0.71 (0.54 to 0.93) 1.118 0.265a
 Opioid consumption
  PO 24 h (mg) 6.75 ± 7.23 (4.74 to 8.75) 3.70 ± 5.41 (2.20 to 5.19) 2.388 0.018 a
  PO 72 h (mg) 13.80 ± 14.68 (9.73 to 17.86) 7.60 ± 11.10 (4.52 to 10.67) 2.382 0.019 a
Function
 ROM
  PO 24 h 98.60 ± 8.94 (96.12 to 101.08) 104.40 ± 9.62 (101.73 to 107.06) 3.122 0.002 a
  PO 48 h 105.30 ± 10.02 (102.52 to 108.07) 110.20 ± 10.46 (107.30 to 113.09) 2.392 0.018 a
  PO 72 h 111.90 ± 10.72 (108.92 to 114.87) 114.20 ± 10.31 (111.34 to 117.05) 1.093 0.277a
  PO 2 w 119.60 ± 7.53 (117.51 to 121.68) 120.30 ± 8.08 (118.06 to 122.53) 0.491 0.624a
  PO 3 m 121.90 ± 6.92 (119.98 to 123.81) 121.30 ± 6.69 (119.44 to 123.15) 0.441 0.660a
  PO 6 m 121.90 ± 6.92 (119.98 to 123.81) 122.60 ± 6.01 (120.93 to 124.26) 0.540 0.590a
  PO 1 y 122.10 ± 6.78 (119.22 to 122.97) 123.40 ± 5.95 (121.75 to 125.04) 1.019 0.311a
  PO 2 y 122.20 ± 6.79 (120.31 to 124.08) 123.40 ± 5.95 (121.75 to 125.04) 0.939 0.349a
 Straight leg raise test
  PO 24 h 32 (64%) 46 (92%) 11.4 <0.001 b
  PO 48 h 48 (96%) 49 (98%) 1.000c
  Discharge 50 (100%) 50 (100%) 1.000c
 Get out of bed and walk test
  PO 24 h 45 (90%) 46 (92%) 0.122 0.727b
  PO 48 h 48 (96%) 49 (98%) 1.000c
  Discharge 50 (100%) 50 (100%) 1.000c
 Epworth Sleepiness Score
  PO 0 d 7.26 ± 2.39 (6.59 to 7.92) 5.38 ± 1.44 (4.98 to 5.77) 4.764 <0.001 a
  PO 1 d 5.10 ± 0.83 (4.86 to 5.33) 4.36 ± 1.26 (4.01 to 4.70) 3.468 <0.001 a
  PO 2 d 4.20 ± 1.06 (3.90 to 4.49) 3.40 ± 1.03 (3.11 to 3.68) 3.827 <0.001 a
PO 3 m 2.82 ± 0.91 (2.56 to 3.07) 2.76 ± 0.55 (2.60 to 2.91) 0.398 0.691a

VAS: visual analog scale; ROM: range of motion; PO: postoperative; h: hour; d: day; w: week; m: month; y: year. aThe P value represented the result of Student's t test for continuous variables between 2 groups. bThe P value represented the result of Pearson's χ2 test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. cThe P value represented the result of Fisher's exact test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. and bold values mean that P < 0.05 indicates significant differences.