Fig. 7.

The effect of TPH/CH MN on relieving arthritic inflammation and cartilage damage. Histological analysis with H&E (A), safranin-O staining (B) and TB staining (C) of joint tissues extracted from mice in normal, saline, TPH/CH NCs, TPH MN, CH MN and TPH/CH MN groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (D–F) In vivo serum cytokines evaluation comprising of TNF-α (D), IL-6 (E) and IL-1β (F), n = 6. (G–I) Levels of PUMA (G), CD68 (H) and CD90 (I) in the arthritic joints of CIA mice evaluated by immunochemistry. Scale bar: 100 μm. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.