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. 2024 Jan 18;27(3):547–560. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01554-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, Quality of spectrolaminar pattern as a function of signal duration. Relative power maps (left) and mean alpha-beta and gamma power bands (right; blue and red, respectively) for an example probe were obtained from varying durations: 200 s, 25 s, 5 s and 1 s. b, Error in localization of mean crossover, gamma peak and alpha-beta peak (determined by FLIP; Methods) estimated from signals of varying duration, with respect to the estimate from the entire recording session (>200 s). c, Mean relative power map across probes during inter-trial interval (top) and during cue presentation period (bottom). d, Mean relative power across probes in the alpha-beta (blue) and gamma (red) bands during inter-trial interval (dashed lines) and cue presentation (solid lines). e, Distribution of IS between inter-trial interval and cue presentation periods among individual probes. Mean ± s.d. is shown as vertical solid and dashed lines, respectively. f,g, Mean relative power maps (middle) and mean CSD maps (bottom) across probes with near-perpendicular insertion angles (f) and probes with high angles (g). Top panels illustrate mean probe insertion angle (solid line) ± s.d. (dashed lines). h, Mean G values for near-perpendicular (n = 68, minimum 0.16, first quartile 0.67, median 0.90, last quartile 1.09, maximum 1.68) and high-angle (n = 68, minimum 0.31, first quartile 0.72, median 1.00, last quartile 1.17, maximum 1.49) probe subpopulations (unpaired t-test, P = 0.56). i, Percentages are shown for near-perpendicular (blue) and high-angle (red) probes with identifiable relative power crossover (using automatic FLIP or manual methods) and identifiable CSD sink (manual). Proportions of identifiable probes were not significant for FLIP (two-sided chi-square test, P = 0.4152) or manual crossover detection (P = 0.8124), but CSD sink identification was significantly lower for high-angle probes (P = 0.001972). *, significant difference (chi-square test, P < 0.005); NS, not significant.