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. 2024 Mar 6;15:2055. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46287-8

Fig. 1. Synthesis of water-dispersible X-ray scintillator.

Fig. 1

a Aminated halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-NH2). b Chemical structure of citric acid (CA). c Citric acid-modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-CA). HNTs-CA is synthesized by treating HNTs-NH2 with CA, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)−3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (r.t.) for 48 h. d Tb3+-doped Na5Lu9F32 anchored halloysite nanotubes (HNTs@Na5Lu9F32:Tb3+). HNTs@Na5Lu9F32:Tb3+ is synthesized by placing HNTs-CA, NaNO3, Lu(NO3)3·6H2O, Tb(NO3)3·6H2O, nitric acid, NH4F, and water in a hydrothermal reactor with a filling rate of 70% and then heated at 180 °C for 24 h.