Table 2.
The studies of therapeutic use of TMS in ASD.
| Number | Mean age (Maximum to minimum) (years) |
Gender (M/F) (M number) | Country | Site | Coil | Intensity | Reported Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 37 (46 to 22) |
M/F 6 |
France, Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Serbia, Germany, Finland, Portugal, Monaco |
L & R pars opercularis, L & R par triangularis (MRIneuronavigation), sham (central lobe midline) |
F08 | 70% of stimulator output |
Increased response latency after L pars opercularis Decreased response latency after L pars triangularis |
(37) |
| 45 (25 rTMS, 20 waitlist) |
13 (16 to 5) |
M/F 38 |
USA | L & R dlPFC (5 cm anterior to M1) | F08 | 90% RMT; | Reduced error rate Increased frontal EEG N200 to targets. |
(40) |
| 11 | 18 (21 to 10) |
M/F 4 |
USA | SMA (15% of nasion to inion anterior to Cz), L M1,(Sham M1) |
F08 | 100% RMT | SMA: increased early EEG component PMC: increased EEG negative slope |
(38) |
| 1 | 42 | F 0 |
Italy | M1 | – | – | ABC Irritability: Active 40 to 33, Sham 39 to 35, ABC Sterotypy: Active 18 to 12, Sham 16 to 15 |
(41) |
| 40 (20 rTMS, 20 waitlist) |
14 (18 to 7) |
M/F 23 |
China | L & R dlPFC (5 cm anterior to M1) | F08 | 90% RMT | Reduced error rate Increased frontal EEG P50 amplitude to targets Increased frontal EEG P50 latency to targets |
(42) |
| 28 (15 active, 13 sham) |
33 (42 to 27) |
M/F 18 |
Italy | dmPFC (7 cm anterior to M1) | H-coil | 100%RMT | Reduced social relatedness (RAADS) Reduced personal distress (IRI) |
(39) |
| 18 | 13 (23 to 7) |
M/F 10 |
USA | L & R dlPFC (5 cm anterior to M1) | F08 | 90%RMT | Increase in R-R interval, SDNN, and HF power. Significant decrease in the LF/HF ratio and SCL. Significant improvements in RBS-R and ABC rating scores |
(43) |
dlPFC, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Fo8, Figure of 8 coil; dmPFC, Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex.