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. 2024 Feb 20;5(1):120–134. doi: 10.37349/etat.2024.00209

Figure 1.

Figure 1

HBx involvement in promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. HBx protein operates on numerous receptors, transcription factors, and components of the transcription machinery, thus dysregulating various cellular signalling pathways and epigenetic components. rcDNA: relaxed circular DNA; CASP3: caspase-3; Egr2/3: early growth response gene 2/3; VDAC3: voltage-dependent anion chanel 3; CycE: cyclin E; STAT3/5: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5; GSH: glutathione; FasL: Fas ligand