Fig. 4.

SFG and KE exert antibiofilm effects and regulate the expression of genes involved in the cell wall biosynthesis, protein transport, and glucose metabolism. (A) Biofilms treated with SFG or KE at respective MICs for 18 h and stained with 1 % crystal violet. Biofilm formation was quantified by measuring sample absorbance at a wavelength of 595 nm and percentages were calculated with the untreated biofilm as the basis. (B) The qRT-PCR analysis of genes involved in the cell wall biosynthesis, protein transport, and glucose metabolism. Values are presented as Mean ± SD. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)