TABLE 3.
Exosomal microRNAs involved in therapy resistance.
| miRNA | Expression level | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | |||
| miR-221 | Upregulated | Hormonal therapy resistance by a generation of CD133high CSCs | Sansone et al. (2017) |
| miR-22 | Upregulated | Induces tamoxifen resistance in CD63+ CAFs | Gao et al. (2020) |
| Colon cancer | |||
| miR-24-3p | Upregulated | Mediates resistance to chemotherapy by downregulation of CDX2/HEPH | Zhang et al. (2021) |
| miR-770-5p | Upregulated | Induces chemoresistance by downregulation of HIPK1 | Zhang et al. (2020a) |
| miR-590-3p | Upregulated | Elevates radioresistance via CLCA4-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling | Chen et al. (2021c) |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | |||
| miR-522 | - | Inhibits ferroptosis by lipid-ROS accumulation blockage | Zhang et al. (2020b) |
| miR-27a/b | Upregulated | Induce transformation of NFs to CAFs that mediate resistance to chemotherapy | Tanaka et al. (2015) |
| Bladder cancer | |||
| miR-146a-5p | Upregulated | Promote cancer stemness and chemoresistance | Zhuang et al. (2023) |
| miR-148b-3p | Downregulated | Induces chemosensitivity via downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway | Shan et al. (2021) |
| Lung cancer | |||
| miR-196a-5p | Upregulated | Enhance radioresistance in lung cancer cells by downregulating NFKBIA | Yao et al. (2023) |
| miR-20a | Upregulated | Restricts PTEN/PI3K-AKT pathway to induce the chemoresistance | Shi et al. (2022) |
| miR-103a-30 | Upregulated | Suppresses apoptosis and promotes cisplatin resistance | Wang et al. (2021a) |
| Pancreatic cancer | |||
| miR-106b | Promotes gemcitabine resistance of CCs by targeting TP53INP1 | Fang et al. (2019) | |
| Ovarian cancer | |||
| miR-296-3p | Upregulated | Activates Akt and STAT3 pathway and promote chemotherapy resistance | Sun et al. (2023) |
| miR-98-5p | Upregulated | Promotes cisplatin resistance and downregulate CDKN1A | Guo et al. (2019) |