Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by dietary quality (DQI-I) score*
| Characteristics | DQI-I quartiles | P for trend | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n 1547) | Q1 (n 388) | Q2 (n 360) | Q3 (n 397) | Q4 (n 402) | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| DQI-I score | |||||||||||
| Mean | 35·8 | 19·9 | 31·2 | 40·1 | 51·1 | < 0·001 | |||||
| sd | 12·3 | 4·8 | 2·5 | 2·6 | 4·9 | ||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| Mean | 59·2 | 58·6 | 59·2 | 59·3 | 59·6 | 0·27 | |||||
| sd | 7·5 | 7·1 | 7·6 | 7·5 | 7·7 | ||||||
| Female | 911 | 58·9 | 264 | 68·0 | 210 | 58·3 | 205 | 51·6 | 232 | 57·7 | < 0·001 |
| Ethnicity | 0·005 | ||||||||||
| Chinese | 559 | 36·1 | 132 | 34·0 | 130 | 36·1 | 145 | 36·5 | 152 | 37·8 | |
| Malay | 437 | 28·3 | 139 | 35·8 | 97 | 26·9 | 92 | 23·2 | 109 | 27·1 | |
| Indian | 551 | 35·6 | 117 | 30·2 | 133 | 36·9 | 160 | 40·3 | 141 | 35·1 | |
| Ever smoker | 338 | 21·9 | 77 | 19·9 | 84 | 23·3 | 102 | 25·7 | 75 | 18·7 | 0·07 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/d) | |||||||||||
| Median | 6·5 | 5·4 | 6·2 | 6·4 | 8·0 | < 0·001 | |||||
| 25th, 75th percentile | 3·0, 12·8 | 2·5, 11·5 | 2·8, 12·8 | 3·0, 12·4 | 4·0, 14·4 | ||||||
DQI-I, Dietary Quality Index – International; MET, metabolic equivalents of task.
*
Values are expressed as mean (sd) or median (25th, 75th percentile) for continuous variables based on data distribution and as n (%) for categorical variables. Pearson’s χ 2 test, Kruskal–Wallis test and ANOVA were conducted for categorical, nonnormal and normally distributed variables, respectively.