Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study type and study name | Reference | Design | Country | Population characteristics | Outcome | |||||||||||||
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Type of population | Participants, n (female) | Age (y), mean (SD) | PAa parameters | Sedentary parameters | ||||||||||
| App intervention | ||||||||||||||||||
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AIMFITb | Direito et al [34], 2015 | RCTc | New Zealand | Healthy adolescents | IGd1: 17 (9); IG2: 16 (10); CGe: 18 (10) | IG1: 15.78 (1.11); IG2: 15.69 (1.04); CG: 15.55 (1.32) | Counts per minute, PAQ-Af, PACESg, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA, and MVPAh (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
| Exergame intervention | ||||||||||||||||||
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—i | Staiano et al [35], 2017 | RCT | United States | Adolescents with overweight and obesity | IG: 19 (19); CG: 18 (18) | IG: 15.30 (1.3); CG: 16.10 (1.3) | Light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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GameSquad | Staiano et al [57], 2018 | RCT | United States | Children with overweight and obesity | 46 (21); IG: 23; CG: 23 | 11.2 (0.8) | MVPA (min/d) | — | |||||||||
| Multicomponent intervention | ||||||||||||||||||
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Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds | Babic et al [36], 2016 | Clustered RCT | Australia | Healthy adolescents | IG: 167 (107); CG: 155 (104) | IG: 14.47 (0.6); CG: 14.33 (0.5) | MVPA (min/d) | Screen time (min/d) | |||||||||
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Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls | Dewar et al [37], 2013 Dewar et al [38], 2014; Lubans et al [39], 2012 | Clustered RCT | Australia | Healthy adolescents | IG: 178 (178) CG: 179 (179) | IG: 13.2 (0.5) CG: 13.2 (0.4) | Counts per minute and MVPA (min/d, %) | Screen time (min/d) and sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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Fit4Life | Huang et al [40], 2014 | RCT | United States | Children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia | IG: 19 (7); CG: 19 (8) | IG: 13 (1.74); CG: 13 (1.74) | MVPA (min/d) | — | |||||||||
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Avoiding Screen-time ATLASj | Lubans et al [41], 2016; Smith et al [42], 2014 | Clustered RCT | Australia | Healthy adolescents | IG: 181 (0); CG: 180 (0) | IG: 12.7 (0.5); CG: 12.7 (0.5) | Counts per minute and MVPA (%) | Screen time (min/d) | |||||||||
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— | Mendoza et al [43], 2017 | Pilot RCT | United States | Childhood cancer survivors | IG: 29 (17); CG: 30 (18) | IG: 16.9 (1.5); CG: 16.3 (1.5) | MVPA (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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Pace-Internet for Diabetes Prevention Intervention (PACEi-DP) | Patrick et al [44], 2013 | RCT | United States | Adolescents with overweight and obesity at risk of type 2 DMk | IG1 (Wl): 26 (16); IG2 (WSMSm): 14 (12); IG3 (WGn): 26 (18); CG: 25 (18) | IG1 (W): 14.1 (1.4); IG2 (WSMS): 14.3 (1.8); IG3 (WG): 14.3 (1.5); CG: 14.5 (1.5) | MVPA (min/wk) | Sedentary time (h/d) | |||||||||
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— | Ruotsalainen et al [33], 2015 | RCT | Finland | Adolescents with overweight and obesity | IG1 (FB+Acto): 15 (10); IG2 (FB): 16 (11); CG: 15 (11) | IG1 (FB+Act): 14.8 (0.8); IG2 (FB): 14.8 (0.8); CG: 15 14.7 (0.8) | Light PA (min/d) and MVPA (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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— | Thompson et al [45], 2016 | RCT | United States | Healthy adolescents | IG: 40 (17); CG: 40 (20) | 14 to 17 | Steps/d and MVPA (min/d) | — | |||||||||
| Telephone-delivered interventions | ||||||||||||||||||
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Healthy Eating and Activity Today study | Wright et al [46], 2013 | RCT | United States | Children with obesity | IG: 24 (9); CG: 26 (12) | IG: 10.9 (1.3); CG: 10.5 (1.2) | — | Screen time (h/d) | |||||||||
| Text messages intervention | ||||||||||||||||||
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— | Newton et al [47], 2009 | RCT | New Zealand | Adolescents with type 1 DM | IG: 38 (22); CG: 40 (20) | 14.4 (2.37) | Steps/d and MVPA (min/wk) | — | |||||||||
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— | Shapiro et al [48], 2008 | Pilot RCT | United States | Healthy adolescents | IG: 18 (13); CG: 22 (13) | IG: 8.4 (2.3); CG: 8.5 (2.3) | Steps/d | Screen time (min/d) | |||||||||
| Web-based intervention | ||||||||||||||||||
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Rheumates@Work | Armbrust et al [49], 2017 | RCT | The Netherlands | Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis | IG: 28 (21); CG: 21 (12) | IG: 9.9 (0.78) CG: 10 (0.45) | Light PA (min/d) and MVPA (min/d) | — | |||||||||
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Activ-O-Meter HELENA study | de Bourdeaudhuij et al [50], 2010; Cook et al [51], 2014 | Clustered RCT | Europe | Healthy adolescents | 1050 (515); IG: 581 (NRp); CG: 469 (NR) | 14.5 (1.4) | MVPA (min/wk) | — | |||||||||
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FATaintPHAT | Ezendam et al [52], 2012 | Clustered RCT | The Netherlands | Healthy adolescents | IG: 485 (198); CG: 398 (200) | IG: 12.7 (0.7); CG: 12.6 (2.7) | Steps/d | Screen time (min/d) | |||||||||
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Families Reporting Every Step to Health | Guagliano et al [53], 2020 | Pilot RCT | United Kingdom | Healthy children | IG: 30 (15); CG: 29 (14) | IG: 10.1 (2.8); CG: 8.9 (0.6) | MVPA (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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— | Haerens et al [54], 2006; Haerens et al [55], 2007 | Clustered RCT | Belgium | Healthy children | IG1: 1194 (479); IG2: 911 (142); CG: 735 (432) | IG1: 13 (0.8); IG2: 13.2 (0.9); CG: 12.9 (0.7) | Light PA (min/d) and MVPA (min/d) | Sedentary time (min/d) | |||||||||
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— | Slootmaker et al [56], 2010 | RCT | The Netherlands | Healthy adolescents | IG: 41 (26); CG: 46 (29) | IG: 15.4 (1.1); CG: 14.9 (1.3) | Light PA (min/wk) and MVPA (min/wk) | Sedentary time (min/wk) | |||||||||
aPA: physical activity.
bAIMFIT: Apps for Improving Fitness.
cRCT: randomized controlled trial.
dIG: intervention group.
eCG: control group.
fPAQ-A: Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents.
gPACES: perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale.
hMVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity.
iNot available.
jATLAS: Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time.
kDM: diabetes mellitus.
lW: website only group.
mWSMS: website and SMS group.
nWG: website, monthly group sessions, and follow-up calls group.
oFB+Act: Facebook-delivered lifestyle counseling+physical activity self-monitoring group
pNR: not reported.