Table 2.
Characteristics of first-line physicians and care pathways according to IV morphine exposure.
| Non-IV morphine group (n = 158) %* | IV morphine group (n = 46) %* | p | Adjusted Odds ratio (CI 95%) a | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Care pathways | |||||
| Admission route | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Ambulance (n = 100) | 64 (40.5%) | 36 (78.3%) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Self-referral (n = 104) | 94 (59.5%) | 10 (21.7%) | 5.11 (2.32–12.18) | ||
| Time of arrival | 0.32 | 0.17 | |||
| 0 a.m.–11 a.m. (n = 111) | 83 (52.5%) | 28 (60.9%) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 12 a.m.–11 p.m. (n = 93) | 75 (47.5%) | 18 (39.1%) | 1.73 (0.8–3.86) | ||
| Mode of discharge | <0.0001 | ||||
| Hospitalization (n = 68) | 34 (21.5%) | 34 (73.9%) | NA | NA | |
| Discharge home (n = 136) | 124 (78.5%) | 12 (26.1%) | NA | NA | |
| Characteristics of physicians | |||||
| Grade | 0.014 | 0.029 | |||
| Senior (n = 96) | 67 (42.4%) | 29 (63.0%) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Junior (n = 108) | 91 (57.6%) | 17 (37.0%) | 2.35 (1.09–5.25) | ||
| Sex | 0.37 | ||||
| Male (n = 78) | 63 (39.9%) | 15 (32.6%) | |||
| Female (n = 126) | 95 (60.1%) | 31 (67.4%) | |||
aMultivariate model including sex, NRS score, pain pattern, admission route, time of arrival, and physician’s grade. Interaction: grade of physician *admission route p = 0.07/grade of physician *NRS score p = 0.26/grade of physician *Pain pattern p = 0.14/grade of physician *mode of discharge p = 0.58. *Except age: mean and standard deviation. Significance is defined as p < 0.05. IV, intravenous; NRS, numeric rating scale; NA, not applicable.