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. 2024 Feb 22;9(9):10030–10048. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09780

Table 2. Natural Drugs and Their Effects along with a Mechanism for the Treatment of Skin Cancer.

sr. no. compound effect mechanism references
1 saffron decreases the expression of STAT/JAK circuits restricts the cell cycle in G0/G1 and inhibits cell propagation (116,117)
2 green tea polyphenols suppresses DNA hypermethylation blocks tumor growth (121)
3 diosmetin regulates caspase circuits induces apoptosis (123)
4 cantharidin suppresses MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK) down-regulates MMP-2/-9 and uPA protein expression (128)
5 neem regulates caspase-3, Bax, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 expression promotes apoptosis (131)
6 cocoa induces oxidative stress decreases the cell viability and cell growth (134)
7 myricetin triggers anti-oncogenes (p53) restricts the cell division (136)
8 silymarin up-regulation of p53 increases the DNA damage (140)
9 zyflamend initiates caspase-9 cleavage inhibits angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and proliferation (143)
10 rutin promotes autophagy and apoptosis induces cell mortality (147)
11 isoliquiritigenin inhibits miR-301b inhibits cell multiplication (150)
12 phloretin suppresses expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inhibits thymidine - (153)
13 apigenin enhances expression of p53 promotes cell apoptosis (157)
14 baicalein down-regulates MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression suppresses invasion and migration (160)
15 thymoquinone down-regulates DNMT1 up-regulates BRCA1 (162)
16 luteolin inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition blocks the progression of SC cells (170)