. 2024 Mar 7;12:130. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y

Table 4.

Summary of hierarchical multiple regressions (N = 71) individually testing the incremental validity of Gratitude (GQ-6), Self-Esteem (SE) and Optimism (LOT-R) in predicting PWBS, SWLS and SHS scores (Step 2), controlling for NEO-FFI personality factors (Step 1). The statistical significance of each ∆R² is indicated by p

			Step 1		Step 2		Change statistics
			R²	F(5, 65)	R²	F(6, 64)	∆R²	F(1, 64)	p
GQ-6	PWBS	Autonomy	.300	5.577^***	.301	4.603^***	.001	.113	.738
		Env. Mastery	.604	19.831^***	.607	19.494^***	.003	.528	.470
		Pers. Growth	.602	19.670^***	.624	17.697^***	.022	3.717	.058
		Pos. Rel. Others	.575	17.557^***	.617	17.182^***	.042	7.087^*	.010
		Purpose in Life	.340	6.707^***	.392	6.885^***	.052	5.468^*	.023
		Self-Acceptance	.593	18.972^***	.612	16.482^***	.019	3.111	.083
	SWLS		.455	10.868^***	.472	9.546^***	.017	2.055	.157
	SHS		.408	8.972^***	.487	10.130^***	.079	9.826^**	.003
SE	PWBS	Autonomy	.300	5.577^***	.305	4.679^***	.005	.434	.513
		Env. Mastery	.604	19.831^***	.613	16.870^***	.009	1.420	.238
		Pers. Growth	.602	19.670^***	.640	18.930^***	.038	6.661^*	.012
		Pos. Rel. Others	.575	17.557^***	.612	16.794^***	.037	6.097^*	.016
		Purpose in Life	.340	6.707^***	.356	5.901^***	.016	1.574	.214
		Self-Acceptance	.593	18.972^***	.778	37.337^***	.184	53.110^***	< .001
	SWLS		.455	10.868^***	.553	13.205^***	.098	14.011^***	< .001
	SHS		.408	8.972^***	.577	14.554^***	.169	25.534^***	< .001
LOT-R	PWBS	Autonomy	.300	5.577^***	.308	4.739^***	.007	.683	.412
		Env. Mastery	.604	19.831^***	.604	16.277^***	.000	.012	.913
		Pers. Growth	.602	19.670^***	.606	16.392^***	.004	.601	.441
		Pos. Rel. Others	.575	17.557^***	.575	14.446^***	.001	.104	.749
		Purpose in Life	.340	6.707^***	.356	5.899^***	.016	1.564	.216
		Self-Acceptance	.593	18.972^***	.626	17.853^***	.033	5.577^*	.021
	SWLS		.455	10.868^***	.461	9.141^***	.006	.731	.396
	SHS		.408	8.972^***	.457	8.962^***	.048	5.682^*	.020

^* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001