Table 2.

Logistic regression analysis for factors relevant to social participation among the frail older adults

	OR	95%CI	P-value	VIF
Age	1.01	0.99–1.03	0.172	1.141
sex
men	1.00
women	1.25	0.84–1.41	0.055	1.070
household composition
Living with others	1.00
Living alone	1.09	0.84–1.41	0.529	1.025
economic states
economic difficulty	1.00
no economic difficulty	1.41	1.11–1.79	0.005	1.094
Mobility
Decline	1.00
not decline	1.41	1.03–1.92	0.031	1.206
subjective health
Poor	1.00
Good	1.49	1.19–1.88	0.001	1.155
direct contact with relatives living separately
less than 1 a week	1.00
more than 1 a week	0.82	0.61–1.11	0.199	1.426
indirect contact with relatives living separately
less than 1 a week	1.00
more than 1 a week	0.99	0.75–1.31	0.938	1.511
direct contact with friends and neighbors
less than 1 a week	1.00
more than 1 a week	3.15	2.43–4.09	< 0.001	1.416
indirect contact with friends and neighbors
less than 1 a week	1.00
more than 1 a week	1.41	1.07–1.86	0.014	1.459

χ² = 207.98 (p < 0.001)

The dependent variable was participation in activities. Adjusted for all independent variables

OR, Odds ratio, 95% CI, 95% Confidence interval