Table 2.
Factors related to the malnutrition status in elderlies living in the nursing homes: Univariate analysis.
| Variables | Total (n = 280) | Normally nourished (n = 52) | At risk of malnutrition (n = 175) | Malnourished (n = 53) | p Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) Mean ± SD | 262 | 79.20 ± 11.11 | 75.67 ± 10.85 | 75.02 ± 9.84 | 0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) Mean ± SD | 250 | 25.99 ± 3.56 | 23.43 ± 3.87 | 21.71 ± 5.02 | <0.001 |
| PPN score Mean ± SD | 258 | 24.84 ± 6.05 | 28.48 ± 7.70 | 34.76 ± 6.60 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD | 250 | 123.49 ± 14.60 | 123.29 ± 10.10 | 132.64 ± 14.13 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) Mean ± SD | 250 | 78.06 ± 7.308 | 76.66 ± 6.551 | 80.81 ± 6.784 | 0.040 |
| Gender | 280 | 0.02 | |||
| Male | 120 (42.9) | 15 (28.8) | 78 (44.6) | 27 (50.9) | |
| Female | 160 (57.1) | 37 (71.2) | 97 (55.4) | 26 (49.1) | |
| Marital status | 269 | 0.91 | |||
| Single (Widowed, Divorced) | 227 (84.4) | 41 (80.4) | 144 (85.7) | 42 (84.0) | |
| Married | 42 (15.6) | 10 (19.6) | 24 (14.3) | 8 (16.0) | |
| Educational status | 254 | ||||
| Illiterate | 164 (64.6) | 32 (69.6) | 98 (62.0) | 34 (68.0) | 0.38 |
| Elementary school | 41 (16.1) | 7 (15.2) | 27 (17.1) | 7 (14.0) | |
| High school | 16 (6.3) | 1 (2.2) | 12 (7.6) | 3 (6.0) | |
| Diploma | 28 (11.0) | 4 (8.7) | 19 (12.0) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Bachelor | 5 (2.0) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Medical need assessments | |||||
| Insurance | 279 | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 212 (76.0) | 43 (84.3) | 134 (76.6) | 35 (66.0) | |
| No | 67 (24.0) | 8 (15.7) | 41 (23.4) | 18 (34.0) | |
| Providing Food | 277 | 0.96 | |||
| Nursing home | 265 (95.7) | 49 (96.1) | 165 (95.4) | 51 (96.2) | |
| Home & Nursing home | 12 (4.3) | 2 (3.9) | 8 (4.6) | 2 (3.8) | |
| Appetite | 275 | <0.001 | |||
| Fair | 233 (84.7) | 33 (64.7) | 151 (88.3) | 49 (92.5) | |
| Moderate | 39 (14.2) | 15 (29.4) | 20 (11.7) | 4 (7.5) | |
| Poor | 3 (1.1) | 3 (5.9) | 0 | 0 | |
| Special diet | 250 | 0.17 | |||
| Yes | 41 (16.4) | 12 (29.3) | 21 (51.2) | 8 (19.5) | |
| No | 209 (83.6) | 33 (15.8) | 135 (64.6) | 41 (19.6) | |
| Dental status | 248 | 0.08 | |||
| Natural teeth | 98 (39.5) | 14 (30.4) | 63 (39.9) | 21 (47.7) | |
| Artificial teeth | 89 (35.9) | 17 (37.0) | 54 (34.2) | 18 (40.9) | |
| No teeth | 61 (24.6) | 15 (32.6) | 41 (25.9) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Walking ability | 278 | 0.02 | |||
| Ability to walk | 100 (36.0) | 5 (9.6) | 71 (41.0) | 24 (45.3) | |
| Partial ability to walk | 63 (22.7) | 6 (11.5) | 41 (23.7) | 16 (30.2) | |
| Not able to walk | 52 (18.7) | 16 (30.8) | 25 (14.5) | 11 (20.8) | |
| Bed bound | 63 (22.7) | 25 (48.1) | 36 (20.8) | 2 (3.8) | |
| Diabetes | 226 | 0.38 | |||
| Yes | 24 (10.6) | 3 (6.5) | 16 (11.5) | 5 (12.2) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 226 | 0.11 | |||
| Yes | 65 (28.8) | 14 (30.4) | 32 (23.0) | 19 (46.3) | |
| Neurologic disorders | 225 | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 137 (60.9) | 32 (69.6) | 86 (62.3) | 19 (46.3) | |
| Kidney disease | 226 | 0.02 | |||
| Yes | 5 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (1.4) | 3 (7.3) | |
| Cancer | 226 | 0.08 | |||
| Yes | 3 (1.3) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (0.7) | 0 | |
| Physical disability | 226 | 0.05 | |||
| Yes | 40 (17.7) | 11 (23.9) | 26 (18.7) | 3 (7.3) | |
| GI disease | 284 | 0.004 | |||
| Yes | 8 (3.5) | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 5 (12.2) | |
| Laboratory tests | 280 | 0.03 | |||
| Regular schedule (every 3‐6 m.) | 17 (6.1) | 5 (9.6) | 8 (4.6) | 4 (7.5) | |
| Once a year | 123 (43.9) | 26 (50) | 91 (52.0) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Less than once a year | 31 (11.1) | 6 (11.5) | 20 (11.4) | 5 (9.4) | |
| No lab report in medical documents | 109 (38.9) | 15 (28.8) | 56 (32.0) | 38 (71.7) | |
| Physician visit | 280 | 0.97 | |||
| Organized schedule | 254 (90.7) | 46 (88.5) | 161 (92.0) | 47 (88.7) | |
| Not‐organized schedule | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| No report in medical documents | 26 (9.3) | 6 (11.5) | 14 (8.0) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Internist visit | 280 | 0.94 | |||
| Organized schedule | 4 (1.4) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (1.7) | 0 | |
| Not‐organized schedule | 9 (3.2) | 2 (3.8) | 7 (4.0) | 0 | |
| No report in medical documents | 267 (95.4) | 49 (94.2) | 165 (94.3) | 53 (100) | |
| Nutritionist visit | 280 | 0.51 | |||
| Organized schedule | 244 (87.1) | 46 (88.5) | 158 (90.3) | 40 (75.5) | |
| Not‐organized schedule | 15 (5.4) | 2 (3.8) | 9 (5.1) | 4 (7.5) | |
| No report in medical documents | 21 (7.5) | 4 (7.7) | 8 (4.6) | 9 (17.0) | |
| Psychologist visit | 280 | 0.15 | |||
| Organized schedule | 271 (96.8) | 51 (98.1) | 171 (97.7) | 49 (92.5) | |
| Not‐organized schedule | 4 (1.4) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.9) | |
| No report in medical documents | 5 (1.8) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 3 (5.7) | |
| Psychiatrists visit | 280 | 0.04 | |||
| Organized schedule | 122 (43.5) | 31 (59.6) | 84 (48.1) | 7 (13.2) | |
| Not‐organized schedule | 7 (2.5) | 2 (3.8) | 5 (2.9) | 0 | |
| No report in medical documents | 151 (53.9) | 19 (36.5) | 86 (49.1) | 46 (86.8) | |
Note: Data reported as N (%), otherwise it is stated. p Value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Significant result are shown in Bold.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; GI, gastrointestinal; PPN, Physical and psychological need; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.
a
Univariate Ordinal Regression.