Table 5. Summary of the Eco-design Methods to Reduce Microfiber Shedding from Textiles from the Systematically Selected Research Articles.

Category		Findings	Publication (Reference)	Considerations and Future Research Agendas
Fiber	Polymer	Cellulose textiles released more microfibers than synthetic textiles	Zambrano et al., 201964	Napper et al.58 suggested findings to be due to possible modification of fabric therefore future studies should create textiles in house to allow full history of textiles to be known.
		Cellulose textiles released fewer microfibers than synthetic textiles	Napper et al., 202058
		Recycled polyester shed more microfibers than virgin polyester	Özkan and Gündoğdu, 202014	Future research agendas should focus on emerging textile polymers and assess full impact of different polymers and blends that are used in highstreet clothing.
		Yarns with greater % blends of recycled polyester mixed with virgin polyester content release less microfibers than blends with lower percentages	Frost et al., 202066	Conflicting results of cellulose vs synthetic and recycled polyester should be further studied.
	Length of fiber (staple vs filament)	Shorter fibers shed more as they are easier to be fragmented or released from textile structure	Cesa et al., 202045	Future research agendas should focus on how best to distribute information on eco-design for microfiber shedding to clothing designers, manufactures and consumers.
			De Falco et al., 201847
	Yarn twist	Highly twisted yarns release less microfibers than loose/no twist yarn	De Falco et al., 201950
			Carney Almroth et al., 201813)
	Yarn hairiness	Low hairiness yarn releases less microfibers	Zambrano et al., 201964	Conflicting results of impact of knit construction should be further studied.
			Carney Almroth et al., 201813
Fabric construction	Gauge of knit	Looser knit structure shed more microfibers than tighter structures	Kärkkäinen and Sillanpää, 202155	Future studies should isolate and systematically assess relationships between microfiber pollution and construction parameters.
			Raja Balasaswathi et al., 202163
		Looser structures shed less microfibers than tight knit structures	Belzagui et al., 201959
			Carney Almroth et al., 201813