Table 3.
Hierarchical multivariate model of risk and protective factors for Long COVID.
| Characteristics | Long COVID | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | p-value* | |
| Distal block | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1 (Ref.) | – | – |
| Female | 1.56 | 1.22–1.99 | < 0.001 |
| Level of education | |||
| Bachelor/Specialization’s degree | 1 (Ref.) | – | – |
| Master’s degree | 0.89 | 0.71–1.11 | 0.311 |
| Doctoral/Postdoctoral’s degree | 0.69 | 0.50–0.94 | 0.020 |
| Intermediate block | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 1 (Ref.) | – | – |
| Yes | 1.46 | 1.19–1.80 | < 0.001 |
| Proximal block | |||
| Waves of COVID-19 infection | |||
| First | 1.38 | 1.07–1.79 | 0.014 |
| Second | 1.33 | 1.07–1.65 | 0.009 |
| Third | 1 (Ref.) | – | – |
| Symptoms of COVID-19 | |||
| 0 | 1 (Ref.) | – | – |
| 1 to 2 | 1.84 | 0.64–5.32 | 0.260 |
| ≥ 3 | 2.99 | 1.08–8.24 | 0.034 |
CUME Study, 2016–2022. RR, relative risk; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
*p-value from Poisson regression; Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) of Model 1 (variables of distal block) = 666.665; BIC of Model 2 (variables of distal block + variable of intermediate block) = 669.3825; BIC of model 3 (variables of distal block + variable of intermediate block + variables of proximal block) = 678.1191.