Table 3.
Demographic risk factors for mental illness among prostate cancer survivors
| 0-2 y After cancer diagnosis |
2-5 y After cancer diagnosis |
5-10 y After cancer diagnosis |
10- y After cancer diagnosis |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental illnessa |
Mental illnessa |
Mental illnessa |
Mental illnessa |
|
| Factor | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Hispanic | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.36) | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21) | 1.15 (1.04 to 1.28) | 1.10 (0.92 to 1.32) |
| Race | ||||
| Asian | 0.69 (0.46 to 1.05) | 0.63 (0.40 to 1.00) | 1.06 (0.72 to 1.56) | 0.67 (0.32 to 1.41) |
| Black | 1.49 (1.14 to 1.96) | 1.38 (1.00 to 1.90) | 1.18 (0.82 to 1.69) | 1.50 (0.85 to 2.64) |
| White | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Multiple races | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.33) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.44) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.47) | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.46) |
| Other | 1.61 (0.80 to 3.22) | 1.28 (0.53 to 3.07) | 1.47 (0.55 to 3.92) | — |
| Baseline BMIb | ||||
| <18.5 | 1.53 (1.03 to 2.26) | 1.71 (1.12 to 2.62) | 1.64 (1.01 to 2.66) | 1.54 (0.73 to 3.27) |
| 18.5-24.9 | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| 25.0-29.9 | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.14) |
| ≥30 | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.14) | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.31) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.39) |
| Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Indexb | ||||
| 0 | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| ≥1 | 1.69 (1.60 to 1.78) | 1.95 (1.83 to 2.07) | 1.79 (1.68 to 1.90) | 1.61 (1.47 to 1.76) |
| Educationc | ||||
| High school or less | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| College | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.10) | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.20) |
| Post-college | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.14) |
| Baseline marital statusc | ||||
| Married | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Widowed | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.17) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.47) |
| Unmarried | 1.74 (1.55 to 1.95) | 1.53 (1.33 to 1.75) | 1.40 (1.20 to 1.62) | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.72) |
| Residencyc | ||||
| Urban | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Rural | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.08) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) |
| US Census Bureau tract-level median household incomed | ||||
| ≤$32 047 | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| $32 048-$53 412 | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.93) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.05) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.26) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.31) |
| $53 413-$106 826 | 0.70 (0.60 to 0.82) | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.14) | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) |
| $106 827-$373 894 | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.94) | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.21) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.21) | 1.24 (0.84 to 1.85) |
| P for trend | <.0001 | .0099 | .0055 | .9205 |
| Yost Socioeconomic Indexd | ||||
| Quintile 1 | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Quintile 2 | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96) | 0.77 (0.66 to 0.90) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.17) |
| Quintile 4 | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.87) | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.88) | 0.90 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.07) |
| Quintile 5 | 0.74 (0.68 to 0.80) | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.90) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.93) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.11) |
| P for trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | .002 | .5632 |
| Baseline health insurance statusd | ||||
| Medicare | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Other government support | 1.32 (1.11 to 1.56) | 1.23 (1.02 to 1.49) | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.38) | 1.32 (0.93 to 1.87) |
| Private health insurance | 0.83 (0.76 to 0.89) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.79) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.89) | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) |
| Blue Cross/Blue Shield | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.64 to 0.82) | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94) | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.05) |
| Other | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.18) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.17) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.45) |
a
Bold value indicates statistical significance (P < .05). BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.
b
Adjusted for race and ethnicity, diagnosis age, and education.
c
Adjusted for race and ethnicity, and diagnosis age.
d
Adjusted for race and ethnicity, marital status, baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index, baseline body mass index, age at diagnosis, and diagnosis year.