Table 1.
Characteristics of US transplant recipients by sex (1995–2017)a
| Characteristic | Total | Males | Females | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 343 802 | n = 211 206 | n = 132 596 | |||
| Age at transplantation, years | Median (IQR) | 51.0 (40, 59) | 51.0 (41, 60) | 50.0 (38, 59) | <.0001 |
| Race and ethnicity | Asian or Pacific Islander | 18 561 (5.4) | 10 559 (5.0) | 8002 (6.0) | <.0001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 66 959 (19.5) | 39 066 (18.5) | 27 893 (21.0) | ||
| Hispanic | 50 687 (14.7) | 30 917 (14.6) | 19 770 (14.9) | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 207 595 (60.4) | 130 664 (61.9) | 76 931 (58.0) | ||
| Transplanted organ | Kidney | 214 537 (62.4) | 128 537 (60.9) | 86 000 (64.9) | <.0001 |
| Liver | 56 458 (16.4) | 34 857 (16.5) | 21 601 (16.3) | ||
| Heart and/or lung | 49 993 (14.5) | 34 132 (16.2) | 15 861 (12.0) | ||
| Other or multiple | 22 814 (6.6) | 13 680 (6.5) | 9134 (6.5) | ||
| Time on wait list, days | Median (IQR) | 240 (59, 694) | 230 (56, 673) | 257 (63, 729) | <.0001 |
| Calendar year of transplantation | 1995-1999 | 65 961 (19.2) | 40 080 (19.0) | 25 881 (19.5) | <.0001 |
| 2000-2004 | 80 992 (23.6) | 49 306 (23.3) | 31 686 (23.9) | ||
| 2005-2009 | 87 071 (25.3) | 54 101 (25.6) | 32 970 (24.9) | ||
| 2010-2014 | 71 922 (20.9) | 44 510 (21.1) | 27 412 (20.6) | ||
| 2015-2017 | 37 856 (11.0) | 23 209 (11.0) | 14 647 (11.1) | ||
| Education | None | 1353 (0.4) | 774 (0.4) | 579 (0.4) | <.0001 |
| Grade school (0-8) | 15 800 (4.6) | 9787 (4.6) | 6013 (4.5) | ||
| High school | 124 615 (36.3) | 76 318 (36.1) | 48 297 (36.4) | ||
| Some college/technical school | 74 399 (21.6) | 44 914 (21.3) | 29 485 (22.2) | ||
| Associate/bachelor’s degree | 49 932 (14.5) | 30 568 (14.5) | 19 364 (14.6) | ||
| Post-college/graduate degree | 20 381 (5.9) | 13 860 (6.6) | 6521 (4.9) | ||
| Unknown | 57 322 (16.7) | 34 985 (16.6) | 22 337 (16.9) | ||
| Yost index | Median (IQR) | 0.43 (-0.5, 1.2) | 0.45 (-0.4, 1.2) | 0.40 (-0.5, 1.2) | <.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | Median (IQR) | 26.5 (23, 30) | 26.7 (24, 30) | 26.0 (22, 31) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | No | 230 442 (67.0) | 138 859 (65.8) | 91 583 (69.1) | <.0001 |
| Yes | 104 682 (30.5) | 67 243 (31.8) | 37 439 (28.2) | ||
| Missing | 8678 (2.5) | 5104 (2.4) | 3574 (2.7) | ||
| Smoking (among lung recipients only) | No | 6988 (34.4) | 3323 (31.6) | 3365 (38.1) | <.0001 |
| Yes | 11 431 (56.3) | 6979 (60.9) | 4452 (50.4) | ||
| Missing | 1876 (9.2) | 856 (7.5) | 1020 (11.5) | ||
| Hepatitis B virus | Active infection | 7395 (2.2) | 4906 (2.3) | 2489 (1.9) | <.0001 |
| Resolved infection | 24 556 (7.1) | 16 525 (7.8) | 8031 (6.1) | ||
| Uninfected | 288 707 (84.0) | 175 550 (83.1) | 113 157 (85.3) | ||
| Unknown | 23 144 (6.7) | 14 225 (6.7) | 8981 (6.7) | ||
| Hepatitis C virus | Positive | 31 114 (9.1) | 22 174 (10.5) | 8940 (6.7) | <.0001 |
| Negative | 282 532 (82.2) | 170 525 (80.7) | 112 007 (84.5) | ||
| Unknown | 30 156 (8.8) | 18 507 (8.8) | 11 649 (8.8) | ||
| Epstein-Barr virus | Positive | 222 124 (64.6) | 85 189 (64.3) | 136 935 (64.8) | <.0001 |
| Negative | 1860 (0.5) | 1169 (0.6) | 691 (0.5) | ||
| Unknown | 119 818 (34.9) | 46 716 (35.2) | 73 102 (34.6) |
a
Results are presented as N (%) unless otherwise noted. Categorical variables were compared with a chi-square test and continuous variables with a Wilcoxon test. IQR = interquartile range; kg = kilogram; m2 = meters squared.