Table 2.
Mixed Model Analyses on Changes in VO2 Max over Five Years after Controlling for Baseline Age, Baseline VO2 Max, and Enrolment Delay in Males and Females
| Males (n = 151, 524 observations) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects variables | β (SE) | 95% CI | P |
| Enrolment duration | 6.45 (1.51) | 3.49, 9.41 | < 0.001 |
| Enrolment duration2 | −0.32 (0.06) | −0.44, -0.19 | < 0.001 |
| Enrolment delay | −0.09 (0.07) | −0.23, 0.04 | 0.16 |
| Covariate: baseline age | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.08, 0.01 | 0.15 |
| Covariate: baseline VO2peak | 0.93 (0.03) | 0.87, 0.99 | < 0.001 |
| Enrolment delay × enrolment Duration | 0.07 (0.05) | −0.02, 0.16 | 0.12 |
| Baseline age × enrolment duration | −0.05 (0.02) | −0.09, −0.02 | 0.004 |
| Baseline VO2peak x enrolment duration | −0.08 (0.02) | −0.12, −0.03 | 0.002 |
| Constant | 3.99 (1.79) | 0.49, 7.49 | 0.026 |
| Random effects | Variance (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Slope | 1.85 (0.34) | 1.30, 2.65 | |
| Intercept | 0.70 (0.60) | 0.13,3.69 | |
| Residual | 6.70 (0.53) | 5.74, 7.82 | |
| Model fit statistics | Statistic | ||
| Log likelihood | −1371.7 | ||
| Bayesian information criteria | 2818.5 | ||
| Females (n = 32,107 observations) | |||
| Fixed effects variables | β (SE) | 95% CI | P |
| Enrolment duration | 0.21 (0.20) | −0.19,0.61 | 0.30 |
| Enrolment delay | −0.01 (0.30) | −0.59, 0.58 | 0.98 |
| Covariate: baseline age | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.14, 0.05 | 0.32 |
| Covariate: baseline VO2peak | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.60, 1.01 | < 0.001 |
| Enrolment delay x enrolment duration | 0.07 (0.13) | −0.18,0.33 | 0.57 |
| Constant | 6.60(4.10) | −1.44, 14.63 | 0.11 |
| Random effects | Variance (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Intercept | 3.05 (1.11) | 1.49, 6.23 | |
| Residual | 5.08(0.81) | 3.72, 6.93 | |
| Model fit statistics | Statistic | ||
| Log likelihood | −255.8 | ||
| Bayesian information criteria | 549.0 | ||
VO2peak = peak oxygen consumption; p = Beta coefficient; CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.