Table 2.
Main characteristics of the observational studies included in the analysis
| Study | Type of study | Control group (n) | Patients for each TRT formulation (n) | Event timing (week) | Age (year), mean±s.d. | Hematocrit (%), mean±s.d. | Total testosterone (ng ml−1), mean±s.d. | Symptoms of hypoandrogenism | E2 (pg ml−1), mean±s.d. | Klinefelter among cases (yes/no) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Transdermal | Injective | Oral | Case | Control | Case | Control | Baseline (case) | Baseline (control) | TRT (case) | Placebo (control) | Case | Control | Case | Control | |||||
| Sharma et al.41 | Retrospective cohort study | No treatment (10 854) | 38 362 | - | 64.0±11.2 | 66.6±13.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Not mention | - | - | - | - | ||
| Maggi et al.32 | Retrospective study | No treatment (249) | 510 | 225 | 15 | 165 | 58.9±10.3 | 59.7±11.1 | - | - | 2.4±1.1 | 2.7±1.1 | 4.4a | 3.3a | Not mention | - | - | - | - |
| Ramasamy et al.33 | Retrospective study | No treatment (64) | 47 | 53 | - | 187 | 74.0±6.3 | 75.0±6.0 | 45.0±5.0 | 42.0±5.0 | - | - | 4.8±3.4 | 2.4±0.5 | Yes | 37.0±21.0 | 26.0±7.0 | - | - |
| Vigen et al.6 | Retrospective cohort study | No treatment (7486) | 1223 | 75 | 60.6±7.6 | 63.8±9.0 | - | - | 1.8±0.6 | 2.1±0.7 | - | - | Not mention | - | - | No | No | ||
| Cheetham et al.39 | Retrospective cohort study | No treatment (35 527) | 8808 | 132 | 58.4a | 59.8a | - | - | 3.18a | - | - | - | Not mention | - | - | No | No | ||
| Traish et al.34 | Observational study | No treatment (296) | - | 360 | - | 416 | 57.4±7.3 | 64.8±4.3 | - | - | 2.8±0.4 | 2.8±0.4 | 4.8±0.5 | 2.6±0.4 | Yes | - | - | Yes | Yes |
| Yassin et al.35 | Prospective controlled registry study | No treatment (184) | - | 321 | - | 624 | 59.0±9.5 | 66.1±7.6 | - | - | 2.2±0.6 | 2.7±0.7 | 4.6a | 2.7a | Yes | - | - | - | - |
| Muraleedharan et al.45 | Observational study | No treatment (174) | 60 | 1 | 3 | 187 | 60.9±11.8 | 58.5±10.4 | - | - | 1.9±0.7 | 2.2±0.5 | - | - | Not mention | - | - | - | - |
| Eisenberg et al.46 | Observational study | No treatment (225) | 204 | 80 | - | - | 54.1±8.7 | 54.9±11.1 | - | - | 3.3±2.0 | 3.6±1.4 | - | - | Not mention | - | - | - | - |
| Shores et al.36 | Observational cohort study | No treatment (122 302) | 43 502 | 39 053 | - | 223.6 | 61.7±10.2 | 59.8±9.4 | - | - | 2.1±1.3 | 1.7±0.7 | - | - | Not mention | - | - | - | - |
aMean. E2: 17β-estradiol; TRT: testosterone replacement therapy; s.d.: standard deviation; -: not available