Table 1. The Characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Language | Diagnostic criteria | Mean age (mean disease course) T/C | Sample size (% male) T/C | Intervention | Treatment duration | Follow up | outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | ||||||||
| Chen XL 2022 [31] | English | Rome IV | 57.53(NR)/ 51.13(NR) |
15(47)/ 15(67) |
TEAS 3 times a day |
Placebo-TEAS 3 times a day |
4 weeks | NR | ①② |
| Du R 2016 [44] | Chinese | Rome III | 44.89(4.67)/ 43.28(4.38) |
48(27)/ 47(32) |
EA 30min 6 times a week |
Domperidone 10mg tid Omeprazole 20mg qd |
4 weeks | 3 months | ③ |
| Hou YQ 2020 [43] | Chinese | Rome IV | 41.93(5.45)/ 42.5(5.88) |
30(33)/ 30(33) |
MA 20min 3 times a week |
Placebo-MA 20min 3 times a week |
4 weeks | NR | ⑥ |
| Jin YL 2015 [30] | English | Rome III | 49.29(12.2)/ 48.25(12.11) |
28(39)/ 28(36) |
MA 20min 4 times a week |
Placebo-EA 20min 4 times a week |
4 weeks | 3 months | ①② |
| Liao W 2012 [42] | Chinese | Rome III | NR(NR)/ NR(NR) |
40(NR)/ 40(NR) |
MA 30-35min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid Paroxetine 20mg qd |
1 month | NR | ①② |
| Liu Y 2023 [32] | English | Rome IV | 47.3(0.71)/ 46.9(0.72) |
30(57)/ 30(67) |
EA 30min Once a day |
Mosapride Citrate 5mg tid | 20 days | NR | ⑥ |
| Liu ZX 2019 [41] | Chinese | Rome III | NR(NR)/ NR(NR) |
50(46)/ 50(44) |
MA 15-20min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid Ranitidine hydrochloride 150mg tid Estazolam 1mg tid |
6 weeks | NR | ①②⑥ |
| Qiang LM 2018 [40] | Chinese | Rome III | 43.5(4.6)/ 45.9(4.2) |
32(38)/ 32(44) |
EA 30min Once a day |
Mosapride Citrate 5mg tid | 1 month | NR | ⑥ |
| Ren J 2015 [39] | Chinese | Rome III | 38.29(1.3)/ 37.65(1.24) |
34(56)/ 34(53) |
MA 30min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid | 2 weeks | 2 months | ⑥ |
| Shen LJ 2013 [38] | Chinese | Rome III | 40.83(NR)/ 41.32(NR) |
35(43)/ 35(45) |
MA 30min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid | 2 weeks | NR | ①② |
| Shui DK 2014 [37] | Chinese | Rome III | 42(NR)/ 41(NR) |
40(55)/ 40(48) |
MA 30min Once a day |
Mosapride Citrate 5mg tid | 3 weeks | NR | ⑥ |
| Wu D 2021 [36] | Chinese | Rome IV | 50.58(4.63)/ 48.31(4.51) |
45(36)/ 45(27) |
TEAS 30min 5 times a week |
Placebo-TEAS 30min 5 times a week |
4 weeks | NR | ②③④⑥ |
| Yang JW 2020 [14] | English | Rome IV | 41.6(4.78)/ 41.2(5.13) |
138(28)/ 140(38) |
MA 20min 3 times a week |
Placebo-MA 20min 3 times a week |
4 weeks | 3 months | ⑤ |
| Yang JY 2011 [35] | Chinese | Rome III | 37.6(NR)/ 38.4(NR) |
30(43)/ 30(50) |
EA 30min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid |
4 weeks | NR | ①② |
| Yang ZQ 2011 [34] | Chinese | Rome III | 27.5(4.42)/ 27.43(6.41) |
31(48)/ 30(40) |
EA 30min 5 times a week |
Placebo-EA 30min 5 times a week |
4 weeks | NR | ⑥ |
| Yuan XX 2015 [33] | Chinese | Rome III | 44.21(2.01)/ 39.21(2.61) |
31(42)/ 32(47) |
MA 40min Once a day |
Domperidone 10mg tid | 1 month | NR | ③④⑥ |
NR: not report; T: treatment group; C: control group; MA: manual acupuncture; TEAS: transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation; EA: electroacupuncture; tid: three times a day; qd: once a day; ①: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; ②: Self-Rating Depression Scale; ③: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; ④: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ⑤: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ⑥: global symptoms