Table 2.

Summary of compounds suggested to be significantly different along with the interspecific diversity, geographical origin, and steaming process by previous studies.

		Interspecific difference (P. ginseng)		geographical origin (grown in Korea)		processing (red ginseng)
		vs. P. quinquefolius	vs. P. notoginseng	vs. grown in China	vs. grown in Japan	vs. white ginseng
PPD-type	ginsenoside Ra1	H [[20], [21], [22]]	H [21]	H [32]
	ginsenoside Ra2			H [32]
	ginsenoside Ra3	H [22]		H [32]
	ginsenoside Rb1	L [12,17,20]		H [31,32]		L [53]
	malonylginsenoside Rb1	L [12]				L [53]
	ginsenoside Rb2	L [12], H [17,[20], [21], [22]]	H [22]	L [32]		L [53]
	malonylginsenoside Rb2	L [12]	H [22]			L [53]
	ginsenoside Rb3			H [32]
	ginsenoside Rc	L [12]	H [22]	H [32]
	malonylginsenoside Rc	L [12]	H [22]			L [53]
	ginsenoside Rd	L [12,21]				H [53]
	20®-ginsenoside Rh2			H [32]	H [32]
	20®-ginsenoside Rg3	L [20]
	20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3	L [20]
	ginsenoside Rg5	L [20]				H [55]
	ginsenoside Rk1	L [20]		H [32]		H [55]
	ginsenoside Rs1	H [22]	H [22]
	ginsenoside Rs3					H [55]
	notoginsenoside Fa		L [21]
	notoginsenoside Fe					H [53]
	notoginsenoside R4		L [21]
	gypenoside XVII	L [21]		H [32]	H [32]	L [55]
PPT-type	ginsenoside Re	L [20,21]				L [53]
	ginsenoside Rf	H [12,[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]	H [21,22]	H [29,31,32]	H [32]	L [53]
	ginsenoside Rg1	H [12,17,20]		H [32]	H [32]	L [53]
	ginsenoside Rg2	H [22]
	20®-ginsenoside Rg2	L [20]		H [32]	H [32]	H [55]
	20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2	L [20]
	ginsenoside Rg6	L [20]				H [55]
	ginsenoside Rh1				H [32]	H [55]
	20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1	H [20]		H [32]	H [32]
	ginsenoside Rk3			H [32]	H [32]
	ginsenoside F3			H [32]	L [32]
	ginsenoside F4	L [20]				H [55]
	ginsenoside F5			H [32]
	20-O-glucosyl-ginsenoside Rf	H [22]
	24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11	L [18,19,21,22]
	notoginsenoside R1	H [20]	L [21,22]
	notoginsenoside R2	H [22]		L [29]
	vinaginsenoside R4			H [32]	H [32]
OA-type	ginsenoside Ro	L [20]	H [22]	L [29,32]	H [32]	L [53]

‘L’ denotes lower while ‘H’ denotes higher. e.g. ginsenoside Ra1 was suggested to be lower in P. ginseng than in P. quinquefolius by references 20–22.